UBRART 
fTATE  PLANT  BOARft 

Technical  Series,  No.  13o 

U.  S.  DEPARTMENT   OF  AGRICULTURE, 

BXJRE^TJ   OF   EI^TTOIVEOLO&Y. 

L.  0.  HOWARD,  Entomologist  and  Chief  of  Bureau. 


A  REVISION  OF  THE  TYROGLYPHID Jl 


OF   THE 


UNITED   STATES 


BY 


NATHAlSr   BANKS, 

Assistant  Entomologist. 


Issued  November  14,  1906. 


SB 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE, 

1906. 


B  UREA  U  OF  ENTOMOLOG  Y. 

L.  O.  Howard,  Entomologist  and  Chief  of  Bureau. 
('.  J..  Marlatt,  Entomologiftt  and  Acting  Chief  in  absence  of  Chief. 

R.  S.  Clifton,  Chief  Clei-k.  '  '       ' 

F.  H.  Chittenden,  in  charge  of  breeding  crperivitiifs. 
A.  D.  Hopkins,  in  charge  of  forext  iuMct  investigations. 
W.  D.  Hunter,  in  charge  of  cotton  boll  ireetil  i  n  rest  i  gat  ioni<. 

F.  ;M.  Webster,  in  charge  of  cereal  and  forage-plant  insect  inrestigations. 
A.  L.  QiAiNTANCE,  m  charge  of  deciduous-fruit  insect  iyivestigations. 
Frank  I^enton,  in  charge  of  apicidtural  investigations. 

D.  'M.  RociERS,  in  charge  of  gipsy  and  broivn-tail  moth  work. 
A.  W.  Morrill,  engaged  in  vjhitejly  iiaestigations. 

E.  A.  Schwarz,  I).  W.  Coquillett,  Tii.  Pergande,  Nathan  Banks,  Assistant  Ento- 
mologists. 

Pv.  S.  G.  Titus,  August  Busck,  Otto  Heidemann,  R.  P.  Currie,  J.  G.  Sanders,  A.  N. 
Caudell,  F.  D.  Couden,  K.  R.  8ass(  er,  J.  H.  Beattie,  1.  J.  Condit,  Assistants. 

Lilian  L.  Howenstein,  Frederick  Knak,  ArtiftU. 

Mabel  Cou^ord,  lAbrarian. 

H.  E.  Burke,  W.  F.  Fiske,  J.  L.  Webb,  J.  F.  Strauss,  engaged  in  forest  insect  investi- 
gations. 

W.  E.  Hinds,  J.  C.  Crawford,  W.  A.  Hooker,  W.  W.  Yothers,  A.  C.  Morgan, 
W.  D.  Pierce,  F.  C.  Bisiiopp,  C.  R.  Jones,  F.  C.  Pratt,  C.  E.  Sanborn,  J.  D. 
Mitchell,  Wilmon  Newell,  J.  B.  Garrkti,  C.  W.  Flynn,  A.  W.  Buckner,  R.  A. 
CusHMAN,  AV.  H.  (iiLsoN,  engaged  in  cotton  boll  weevil  investigations. 

G.  I.  Reeves,  W.  J.  Phillii's,  C.  N.  Ainslie,  engaged  in  cereal  and  forage-plant  insect 
investigations. 

Fred  Johnson,  A.  A.  (tirault,  Dudley  "Moulton,  engaged  in  deciduous-fruit  insect 

investigations. 
E.  F.  Phillips,  J.  M.  Rankin,  engaged  in  djncultural  investigations. 
C.  J.  GiLLiss,  T.  A.  Keleher,  W.  A.  Keleher,  engaged  in  silk  investigations. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2013 


http://archive.org/details/revisionoftyroglOObank 


Technical  Series,  No.  13. 

U.  S.  DEPARTMENT   OF   AGRICULTURE, 

L.  0.  HOWARD,  Entomologist  and  Chief  of  Bureau. 


A  REYISIOX  OF  THE  TYROGLYPHIDJ: 


OF   THE 


UNITED   STATES 


KY 


NATHAN    BAJSTKS, 

Ass'lstant  Entomologist. 


Issued  November  14,  1906. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT     PRINTING     OFFICE, 
1906. 


LtTrER  OF  TRANSMITTAL 


r.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture, 

Bureau  of  Entomology, 
Was/iin(/to7),  D.  C  Septernhe?'  10^  1906. 
Sir:   I  have  the  honor  to  .submit  herewith  a  manuscript  entitled 
"A  Revision  of  the  Tyroghphidje  of  the  United  States," prepared  by 
Mr.  Nathan  Banks,  assistant  entomologist.     Mites  belonging  to  the 
family  T3a'()glyphidie  are  destructive  to  a  variety  of  stored  products 
and  other  connnodities,   certain   species   injure    living   plants,   while 
others  are  useful  because  they  destro}'  certain  injurious  insects.     The 
group  is   therefore  one  of   ver}'  c()nsidera})le  economic  importance. 
This  paper  ])v  Mr.  Banks  shoukl  prove  a  valuable  contribution  to  the 
study  of  these  mites  and  greatly  facilitate  the  determination  of  the 
different  species;  I  therefore  recommend  it  for  publication  as  Technical 
Series,  No.  13,  of  this  Bureau. 
Respectfully, 

F.  H.  Chittenden, 

Acting  Chief  of  Bureau. 
Hon.  James  Wilson, 

Secretary  (f  Agriculture. 


CONTENTS 


Page. 

Habits  and  economic  importance 5 

Structural  characteristics 6 

Transformations 6 

Previous  work  on  species  occurring  in  the  United  States 7 

Occurrence  of  European  species  in  the  United  States 8 

Genera  of  the  Tyroglyphidye 9 

Table  of  the  genera 9 

Genus  Histiostoma 10 

Table  of  the  species 10 

Genus  Glyciphagus 12 

Genus  Tyroglyphus 13 

Table  of  the  species 13 

Genus  Rhizoglyphus 19 

Table  of  the  species 19 

Genus  Monieziella 23 

Table  of  the  species 23 

Genus  Carpoglyphus 24 

Genus  Trichotarsus 25 

Bibliography 26 

Index 29 

3 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


PLATES. 

Pagre. 

Plate  I.  Fig.    1. — Gh/ciphagus  robustus 12 

Fig.    2. — Ghic'i phagua  ohesus:  leg  1 12 

Fig.     8. — Glyciphagus  ohesus 12 

Fig.     4. — Histio^tomd  americanum:  tarsus  I 12 

Fig.    o. — Glyciphaguii  ohesus:  genital  plate 12 

Fig.    6. — Histioslonui  americanum:  tarsus  IV 12 

Fig.     7. — Hist iostoma  americanum:  mouth  parts 12 

.  Fig.    S. — Illstiosioma  hrevipes:  palpus 12 

Fig.    9. — Histiostoma  gracilipes 12 

Fig.  10. — Histiostoma  hrevipes:  tarsus  IV 12 

Fig.  1 1 . — Histiostoma  hreripes:  tarsus  I 12 

Fig.  1 2. — Histiostoma  gracilipes:  tarsus  I 12 

1 1.   Fig,  18. — .Uou  iezielhi  longipes 14 

Fig.  14. — Ti/rogh/pJius  farimv  and  tarsus  IV  of  male 14 

Fig.  15. — Monieziella  angusta _  14 

Fig.  16. — Tgroghiphus  farina::  venter  of  male 14 

Fig.  17. —  Tf/rogli/p/ius  farimv:  leg  I  of  male 14 

Fig.  1 8.  —  Mon ieziella  hreritarsis 14 

Fig.  19. — MoniezieUa  hreritarsis:  male  venter  and  mandible 14 

III.  Fig.  20.  —  Tiiroghjplius  americanus 16 

Fig.  2\.^7)/roglifj>Jius  americanus:  genitalia 16 

Fig.  22.  —  Tip'ogli/jthus  americanus:  tarsi  I  and  IV 16 

Fig.  28. — Tiiroglyphus  Unineri:  vulva 16 

Fig.  24.  —  Tgrogh/phus  lintneri:  tarsus  IV  of  male 16 

Fig.  2o. — Tgroglyphus  lintneri:  genitalia  of  male 16 

Fig.  26.  —  Tj/roglgphus  termituilis:  leg  1 16 

Fig.  27.  —  Tiiroglyphus  tcrminalis:  tarsus  IV 16 

Fig.  28. — Tyroglyplius  terminalis:  vulva 16 

Fig.  29.  —  Tyroglyplius  lintneri 16 

IV.  Fig.  80.  —  TyroglypJi ns  hrerireps 18 

Fig.  81. — Tyroglyplius  hrericeps:  tarsus  IV 18 

Fig.  82. — Tyroglyph  us  hrericeps:  leg  1 18 

F"ig.  83. — Tyroglyphus  cocci philus:  vulva  and  anal  suckers 18 

Fig.  34. — Tyroglyphus  cocciphilus:  male  aperture 18 

Fig.  35. — Tyroglyphus  cocciphilus:  tarsus  IV — male  and  female 18 

Fig.  36. —  Tyroglyphus  lieteromorplms:  tarsus  IV 18 

Fig.  37. — Tyroglyphus  hrteromorphus:  leg  III  of  male 18 

Fig.  38. — Tyroglyphus  Jieteromorphus:  tarsus  I 18 

Fig.  39.  —  Tyrogly pints  heteromolyhus:  male 18 

V.   Fig.  40. — Carpoglyplius  passularum 20 

Fig.  41. — Tyroglyphus  armipes:  tarsus  IV 20 

Fig.  42. — Tyroglyplius  armipes:  tarsus  I 20 

F"ig.  43. — Tyroglyphus  armipes:  vulva 20 

Fig.  44. — Tyroglyphus  longior:  tar-^^i  I  and  IV,  and  body  hairs 20 

Fig.  45. — Elilzoglyphus  tarsalis:  tarsus  I 20 

Fig.  46. — Bhizoglyphus  tarsalis:  tarsus  IV 20 

Fig.  47. — Rliizoglypltus  liyacinthi:  leg  III  of  male 20 

Fig.  48. — Rhizoglyplius  liyacinthi:  tarsi  I  and  IV 20 

Fig.  49. — Rhizoglyplius  liyacinthi 20 

VI.  Fig.  50. — Rh  izoglyphus  rhizophagus 22 

Fig.  51. — Rhizoglyplius  rhizophagus:  tarsus  I 22 

Fig.  52. — Rhizoglyplius  rhizophagus:  tarsus  IV 22 

Fig.  53. — Rhizoglyplius  elongatus 22 

Fig.  54. — Rhizoglyphus  elongatus:  tarsus  1 22 

Fig.  55. — Rhizoglyphus  longitarsis:  tarsus  IV 22 

Fig.  56. — Rhizoglyphus  rhizophagus:  male  venter 22 

Fig.  57. — Rhizoglyplius  phylloxerse:  tarsi  IV — male  and  female 22 

Fig.  58. — Rhizoglyphus  longitarsis:  tarsus  1 22 

Fig.  59. — Rhizoglyphus  phylloxerse:  tarsus  I 22 

Fig.  60. — Rhizoglyphus  phylloxerse:  leg  III  of  male 22 

Fig.  61. — Rhizoglyphus  phylloxeras:  half  of  front  of  body 22 


A  REMSION  OF  THE  TYROGLYPHID^  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 


HABITS  AND  ECONOMIC  IMPORTANCE. 

From  an  economic  standpoint  the  lyroglyphid?e  are  one  of  the  most 
important  groups  of  mites.  But  owing  to  their  small  size  and  pale 
color  they  have  often  been  overlooked  and  the  damag-e  accredited  to 
some  larger  insect  which  happened  to  be  present.  By  their  rapidity 
in  breeding  they  make  up  for  their  minute  size,  so  that  articles,  such 
as  flour  and  sugar,  are  often  so  badly  infected  that  the  whole  mass  of 
the  substance  appears  to  be  in  motion.  It  is  chieflv  thru  their  ravages 
to  stored  foods  that  they  are  inimical  to  human  effort.  Dried  fruits, 
dried  meats,  and  grain  in  mills  are  perhaps  most  seriously  affected  by 
them.  Their  frequency  in  cheese  and  sugar  has  won  them  the  names 
of  ''cheese  mites"  and  ''sugar  mites,"  while  the  disease  known  as 
"grocers  itch"  is  due  to  their  presence  on  the  hands  of  persons 
handling  infested  products.  A  list  of  materials  attacked  by  tyro- 
glyphids  would  include  cheese,  flour,  sugar,  hams,  dried  meats,  hair 
in  furniture,  mattresses,  and  pillows,  grains  in  mills,  cereal  foods, 
man}^  drugs,  wine,  dried  fruits,  seeds  of  all  kinds,  bulbs,  roots  of 
plants,  mushrooms,  feathers,  hay,  scale-insects,  pinned  insects  of  the 
entomologist's  collection,  and  even  the  human  corpse.  Some  species 
are,  however,  of  little  economic  interest  and  occur  in  the  nests  of  mice, 
moles,  and  ants,  in  decaying  bark  of  trees,  in  sap  from  wounds  in 
trees,  and  a  few  are  attached  to  certain  insects.  The  species  of  the 
genus  Monieziella  do  some  good  by  feeding  on  scale-insects.  The 
"bulb  mite"  or  "Eucharis  mite,"  RhizoglypJms  liyacinthi^  has  long 
been  a  prominent  enemy  to  hot-house  cultivation.  It  burrows  into 
the  healthy  tissue  of  bulbs  and  roots,  thus  giving  entrance  to  destruc- 
tive fungi  and  bacteria.  This  is  the  species  infesting  Bermuda  lil}^ 
bulbs;  and  it  has  lately  been  shown  that  an  allied  species  does  great 
damage  to  the  roots  of  the  vine  in  Europe.  Another  species  has  been 
described  that  caused  injury  to  the  stems  of  carnations.  Still  another 
Rhlzocjlyphus  has  been  found  to  eat  through  the  grafting  wax  on 
grafted  plants,  bore  beneath  the  bark,  and  so  prevent  the  union  of 
graft  and  stock.  The  mushroom  mites,  both  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe,  are  prominent  obstacles  to  successful  mushroom  culture. 
Cellars  apparently  clean  in  the  beginning  of  the  season  maj^  be  so 
badly  infested  by  Christmas  that  crops  are  impossible. 

5 


b  A    REVISION    OF    THE    TYROGLYPHID^. 

STRUCTURAL  CHARACTERISTICS. 

The  Tyroglyphidae  are  pale-colored,  soft-bodied  mites,  devoid  of 
tracheiv:  with  small,  appressed  palpi;  usuall\^  with  prominent  chelate 
mandibles;  with  moderately  long-  legs,  ending  in  one  claw,  and  often 
a  sucker  or  caroncle;  and  with  a  body  about  twice  as  long  as  broad, 
and  })roadest  behind  the  middle.  There  is  commonly  a  distinct  suture 
between  cephalothorax  and  abdomen.  There  are  no  eyes,  unless  cer- 
tain spots  on  the  front  margin  of  certain  Hypopi  and  on  Carpoglyplms 
represent  these  organs.  The  dorsum  bears  a  few,  usually  long,  hairs, 
in  size  and  ai'rangement  constant  for  each  species.  The  legs  have 
bristles,  line  hairs,  and  sometimes  distinct  spines,  the  more  prominent 
of  which  are  constant  in  position  for  each  species.  One  long  bristle 
near  tip  of  the  penultimate  joint  is  especially  prominent;  another  is 
a  thickened  or  clavate  hair  near  base  of  tarsi  I  and  II,  and  is  probably 
a  sense  organ.  The  latter  is  always  upon  this  joint,  altho  several 
authors  have  figured  it  on  the  penultimate  joint  in  some  species.  On 
the  venter  are  two  apertures;  the  genital  is  usually  elongate  and 
situate  between  hind  coxa',  and  there  are  often  U-shaped  marks  each 
side  of  it  known  as  the  genital  suckers,  which  can  be  })rotruded.  The 
anal  opening  is  toward  the  tip  of  th<'  l)()dy.  and  is  often  but  an  elongate 
slit,  with  a  sucking  disk  each  side  of  it.  In  the  genus  GlyciphaguH 
these  openings  are  nuich  larger,  and  the  genital  sometimes  occupies 
the  entire  area  between  the  coxa*. 

There  are  but  slight  differenc(\s  in  structure  between  the  sexes;  but 
in  some  cases  the  male  has  one  pair  of  U^gs  enlarged,  or  there  may  be 
two  forms  of  the  mah'.  In  some  species  the  male  has  two  little  suckers 
on  the  hind  tarsi;  in  others  there  is  a  curved  ])lumose  bristle  on  the 
basal  part  of  front  legs.  The  mah\s  are  smaller  than  the  females,  and 
have  a  less  tumid  abdomen. 

TRANSFORMATIONS. 

The  transformations  of  the  Tyroglyphidie  are  among  the  most  mar- 
velous of  the  animal  kingdom.  All  tyroglyphids  lay  eggs,  often  of 
large  size,  which  are  scattered  haphazard  over  the  infested  material. 
The  young  on  hatching  have  six  legs  and  at  molting  obtain  two  more. 
Thenceforward  their  life  history  ma}'  take  the  simple  and  direct  path 
to  the  adult  condition,  but  often  passes  through  a  stage  called  the 
Ill/pop  U.S.  This  Ilypojnis  is  a  very  different  creature  than  that  from 
^vhich  it  developed — the  octopod  nymph.  Its  bod}^  is  hard  and  chiti- 
nous,  there  is  no  mouth  orifice,  and  no  distinct  mouth  parts;  the  legs 
are  short  and  ill  adapted  to  walking.  On  its  ventral  surface  near  the 
tip  is  an  area  separated  from  the  general  surface  and  provided  with 


PREVIOUS    WORK    ON    SPECIES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES.  ( 

several  circular  marks  or  suckinti'  disks.  B>^  means  of  these  suckers 
the  Hypopus  attaches  itself  to  an  insect  or  other  creature,  and  is  trans- 
ported to  another  locality,  where  it  may  hnd  a  suitable  breeding- place. 
The  Tlypopus  is  therefore  a  stage  in  the  life  of  a  tyroglyphid  fitted  for 
migration.  The  IJypojpui^^  upon  reaching  a  suitable  locality,  molts  into 
an  octopod  nymph,  which  will  feed  and  develop  into  an  adult  mite. 
The  causes  that  w411  induce  a  nymph  to  transform  to  a  Ilypopus  are 
yetimknown;  Megnin  supposed  that  dryness  of  the  air  or  a  scarcity 
of  food  were  necessar}"  causes,  but  Michael  has  shown  that  Thjpopi 
are  developed  in  the  absence  of  these  conditions,  and  that  this  stage  is 
a  natural  and  normal  means  of  distributing  the  species.  The  structure 
of  the  llyj)<>pui<  is  characteristic  for  each  species;  but  it  has  not  yet 
been  found  in  all  species,  and  in  Glycqjhagiis  the  hypopial  stage  is 
only  partially  developed,  so  that  species  should  not  be  described  from 
this  stage  alone. 

Ill  the  early  days  of  acarology  Ilypopus  stood  for  a  separate  genus, 
allied  more  to  Gamasus  than  to  Tyroglyphus.  Dujardin,  in  1850,  con- 
cluded that  IIyp>opus  was  the  pupal  stage  of  Gamasidte.  As  investi- 
gation proceeded,  IlyjMjpus  was  so  frequently  found  in  association  with 
Tyroglyphus  that  views  were  advanced  as  to  their  relationship.  One 
was  that  Ilypopus  was  a  ferocious  parasite,  devouring  the  Tyroglyphus 
from  within;  another,  that  Ilypopus  was  the  male  of  Tyroglyphus; 
and  a  third,  that  Ilyjjopus  was  the  real  adult  of  certain  species  of 
Tyroglyphus.  The  "Hypopus  question''  distur])ed  acarologists  for  a 
long  time,  but  was  finally  settled  b}^  the  work  of  Megnin  and  Michael. 

PREVIOUS  WORK  ON  SPECIES  OCCURRING  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  T3^rogl3^phidie  of  the  United  States  have  never  been  investigated 
in  a  systematic  manner.  The  principal  economic  species  have  been  called 
Tyroglyphussiroov  T.  longior^  but  without  compaiison  with  European 
specimens.  Fitch,  in  his  Third  Report  (1856),  described  a  mite,  Acarus 
rihis,  which  may  be  a  tyroglyphid.  In  1868  Shimer  described  a  mite 
as  Acarus  mains/  this  was  interpreted  b}^  Riley  and  some  Euro- 
pean authors  as  a  tyroglyphid,  but  from  the  description  it  is  evidently 
what  Lignieres  describes  as  Hem  tsar  copies  cocclsugus.  Riley,  in  1874, 
described  a  Tyroglyphus  pliyllo.rerx  as  destroying  the  grape  Phyllox- 
era. 1  have  identified  as  this  a  common  species  of  Rhizoglyphus. 
Riley's  opinion  of  the  predaceous  habit  of  this  species  was  erroneous, 
as  it  undoubtedlv  feeds  on  the  roots  of  infested  plants.  In  1884  Haller 
described  Tyri>glyphus  crassijjes  and  T.  curtus  from  "Amerika."  I 
have  not  recognized  them,  and  do  not  know  whether  they  were  from 
the  United  States  or  not.  In  1893  Osborn  described  a  mite  infesting 
mushrooms  as  Tyroglyphiis  Untneri.     I  have  seen  numerous  specimens 

8040—06 2 


8  A    EEYISTON    OF    THE    TYROGLYPHID^. 

of  this  species,  which  is  allied  to  what  Canestrini  has  called  Tyrog- 
lyphns  siro.  -In  1896  Felt  described  a  mite  injuring  the  roots  of  car- 
nations as  Tyroqlyphus  heteromopplim.  This  species  I  have  seen  also, 
and  retain  it  in  the  genus  TyrogJyphus. 

OCCURRENCE    OF   EUROPEAN    SPECIES  IN  THE   UNITED  STATES. 

As  regards  the  occurrence  of  p]uropean  species- in  this  country,  I 
have  had  great  difficulties  in  arriving  at  dctinite  conclusions,  owing  to 
the  fact  that  few  European  writers  have  appreciated  the  importance 
of  minute  characters  in  chissitication.  They  have  identified  as  one 
species  forms  totally  ditl'erent  and  treated  under  dirteront  names  forms 
closely  allied  or  identical.  The  greatest  trouble  centers  around  Tyro- 
(jhjpJuis  s'lro^  the  type  of  the  g(^nus.  Several  European  acarologists 
have  figured  this  spicies.  Michael  is  later  than  the  others,  and  men- 
tions the  other  ligures  in  his  references.  Canestrini  has  figured  more 
bristles  than  the  others,  and  they  are  longer.  The  pair  on  dorsum  of 
abdouKMi  behind  middle,  according  to  ]\Iichael.  are  very  short;  with 
both  Canesti-ini  and  Berlese  they  aie  long.  Canestrini  and  ^Michael, 
however,  agree  and  differ  from  Berlese  in  showing  a  i)air  of  short 
bristles  n(^ar  the  larger  humeral  bristles.  Michael  figures  the  male 
hind  tarsus  rather  short  and  with  the  two  suckei's  barely  more  than 
their  diameter  apart,  w  liile.  according  to  H('rles(\  this  joint  is  very 
much  longer  and  the  two  suckers  are  very  remote  from  each  other. 
Canestrini's  figure  shows  the  peculijir  thickened  hair  of  the  anterior 
tarsi  as  arising  from  the  preceding  joint.  Se\ cral  European  writers 
(especially  Kobin,  Pagenstecher,  Karpelles,  and  Murray)  have  identi- 
fied specimens  of  A1rur()J)nix fay^'nur  as  T.  siro^  and  Doctor  Oudemans 
writes  me  that  he  does  not  know  T.  siro;  that  the  specimens  formerly 
placed  by  him  in  that  species  are  Aleurohlns  farina.  Berlese  has 
suggested  that  these  two  species  are  one,  the  spurred  male  of  Aleti- 
rohius  being  a  dimorphic  form.  The  habitat  gives  no  clue  to  the 
species.  Specimens  of  a  Tyroglyj/lms  are  referred  to  elsewhere  in 
this  paper  which  were  taken  from  Limburger  cheese,  and  doubtless  of 
European  origin.  These  are  not  the  T.  -stro  of  any  author,  but  more 
related  to  T.  inycopluKjus  Megn.  In  a  collection  of  mites  obtained  by 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  from  Doctor  Berlese  is  a  slide  labeled 
by  him  as  T.  Jonii'wr.  The  specimen  seems  to  be  T.  siro  as  figured  by 
Canestrini  and  himself;  the  hind  tarsi  are  not  nearlv  as  long  as  they 
figure  for  T.  lougior,  and  I  can  not  see  any  hairs  or  pectinations  on 
the  large  bristles  of  the  body.  In  the  same  collection  is  a  slide 
labeled  T.  krameri  by  Berlese.  Michael  considers  this  form  to  be  what 
he  Calls  T.  rnycophagns  Megn.  Their  figures  show  a  species  with  very 
short  abdominal  bristles,  and  the  inner  cephalic  ones  much  shorter 
than  the  outer  pair.     The  slide  has  three  specimens,  all  females,  with 


TABLE    OF    THE    aENERA.  \3 

four  subequal  bristles  on  the  cephalothorax,  and  the  bristles  at  tip  of 
abdomen  are  as  long  as  body;  moreover,  these  bristles  are  provided 
with  fine,  short  hairs.  In  fact,  it  agrees  very  well  with  Michael's 
figure  of  T.  longlor^  except  that  the  abdominal  bristles  are  not  quite 
so  long.  Michael,  however,  figures  the  tarsus  of  this  species  as  much 
shorter  than  figured  by  Canestrini  and  in  my  specimens  of  T.  longior. 

Michael,  in  detail  figure  of  Aleurohms  farhiee^  male  leg  I,  shows  the 
clavate  hair  arising  from  tip  of  tibia,  whereas  it  should  be  from  basal 
part  of  tarsus;  at  least  it  is  so  in  m}^  specimens  and  so  figured  by 
Berlese.  Michael  figures  Aleurohius  farinx  with  but  two  long  poste- 
rior bristles  on  the  cephalothorax;  Canestrini  shows  four  of  these, 
but  no  long  humeral  bristle,  as  in  Michael.  My  specimens  have  the 
humeral  bristle  like  Michael's  figure  and  the  cephalic  as  figured  b}' 
Canestrini.  Berlese  figures  six  cephalic  })ristles,  besides  the  frontal,  on 
this  species.  Berlese  figures  the  hind  tarsi  of  male  Aleurohius  farinde 
with  suckers  far  apart.  My  specimens  agree  with  Michael  in  this 
respect.  Michael  considers  that  his  Qirpoglyphiis  (cnonynacs  is  the 
same  as  Phycohius  anonymui<  of  Canestrini  and  Trichodactyhis  anony- 
mus  of  Berlese;  3^et  Michael's  figures  show  numerous  differences  from 
their  figures.  Michael,  for  example,  shows  short  spines  on  the  body, 
while  they  figure  simple  hairs. 

In  view  of  these  and  other  discrepancies  among  European  authors, 
I  have  been  sorely  tempted  to  abandon  all  attempts  at  identification 
and  describe  everything  as  new.  However,  I  believe  that  we  have 
TyroglypJms  l<n}(ji(n\  T.  {Aleurohm.s)  farlmv^  and  CarpoiilypliuH  pas- 
sulariHH  in  this  country,  and  I  should  like  to  think  that  what  I  have 
described  below  as  T.  (iinertcanus  was  the  real  T.  slro^  but  it  certainly 
is  not  the  T.  sho  of  Michael,  the  latest  writer  on  the  European  fauna. 

GENERA  OF  THE  TYROGLYPHIDJE. 

The  genera  known  to  me  as  occurring  in  the  United  States  may  be 
separated  by  the  following  table.  Various  other  genera  are  known 
in  Europe,  and  some  of  them,  and  possibly  new  genera,  will  be  found 
in  our  country  when  it  is  examined  more  thoroly  for  these  mites. 
The  forms  thus  far  collected  are  mostly  of  economic  value,  and  have 
been  sent  to  this  Department  by  various  persons  during  the  past 
twenty-five  years. 

TABLE  OF  THE  GENERA. 

1.  Dorsal  tegument  more  or  less  granular;  clavvs  very  weak,  almost  invisible; 

some  hairs  of  body  plainly  feathered;  ventral  apertures  very  large. .  Giyciphagus. 
Dorsal  tegument  not  granular;  claws  distinct;  no  prominent  feathered  hairs; 
ventral  apertures  small 2 

2.  Mandibles  not  chelate,  elongate  and  toothed  below;  body  without  long  hairs; 

palpi  enlarged  at  tip  and  provided  with  two  divergent  bristles Histiostoma. 

Mandibles  chelate;  palpi  not  enlarged  at  tip,  nor  with  the  two  bristles 3 


10  A    REVTSIOT^    OF    THE    TYROCTLyPHID.E. 

3.  No  clavate  hair  on  base  of  tarsi  I  and  II;  no  suture  between  ceplialothorax 

and  abdomen ;  living  on  bees  or  in  their  nests TrichoUtrsiis. 

A  clavate  or  thickened  hair  on  base  of  tarsi  I  and  II 4 

4.  The  bristle  on  penultimate  joint  of  legs  arises  from  near  the  middle;  no  suture 

between  cephalothorax  and  abdomen Carpoglyphus. 

The  bristle  on  penultimate  joint  of  legs  arises  from  near  tip;  a  suture  between 
cephalothorax  and  abdomen 5 

5.  Cephalothorax  with  four  distinct  and  long  bristles  in  a  transverse  row;  tarsi 

I  and  II  about  twice  as  long  as  preceding'  joint Tijroglyphm. 

Cephalothorax  with  but  two  long,  distinct  bristles  (beside  the  frontal  pair), 
but  sometimes  a  very  minute  intermediate  i)air;  tarsi  I  and  II  usually  short 
and  not  twice  as  long  as  preceding  joint 6 

6.  Tarsi  with  some  stout  spines Rhizoglyphus. 

Tarsi  with  only  fine  hairs Monieziella. 

The  hypopial  stages  are  known  for  very  few  of  our  forms;  it  would 
therefore  be  of  little  use  to  tal)ulate  them..  These  mites  (excepting 
possibly  Trichofarsns)  should  be  studied  solely  from  the  mature  adult 
and  not  described  from  the  hypopial  statjes. 

Genus  HISTIOSTOMA  Kramer. 

Mandil)les  not  chelate.  ))ut  elongate,  and  toothed  below;  palpi 
enlarged  at  tip  and  bearing  two  distinct  divergent  hairs;  a  distinct 
suture  between  cephalothorax  and  abdomen;  male  without  anal 
suckers;  tarsi  with  distinct  claws;  cuticle  not  granulate;  ventral 
apertures  small;  rarel}'  with  long  bristles  on  body;  no  long  promi- 
nent bristle  at  tip  of  penultimate  joint  of  legs. 

Type. — //.  rostro.scrratus  ^legn.  {pcdlneum  Kramer). 

The  pecidiar  mouth  parts  of  this  genus  separate  it  rather  sharply 
from  all  the  other  Tyroglyphidic.  It,  however,  has  a  well- developed 
hypopial  stage,  indicating  afhnity  with  Tyroglyphiis.  The  species  are 
variable  in  habits,  but  none,  so  far,  has  become  of  economic 
importance. 

The  three  species  which  have  been  found  in  this  country  may  be 
classified  by  the  following  table: 

Table  of  the  Species. 

1.  Tarsi  I  four  or  five  times  as  long  as  broad ;  very  slender 2 

Tarsi   I   scarcely  three  times    as    long  as    broad;    body   broad,   especially 

behind bredpes. 

2.  Body  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  several  humps  above  on  the  abdo- 

men   americanum. 

Body  scarcely  one  and  one-half  times  as  long  as  broad,  without  humps  on 
abdomen gracilipes. 

Histiostoma  gracilipes  n.  sp.     (PI.  I,  fig.  9.) 

Body  hardh^  one  and  one-half  times  as  long  as  broad,  sides  of  abdo- 
men evenly  rounded,  and  without  humps  above,  emarginate  behind; 
at  posterior  third  of  bod}^  there  is  a  short  curved  hair,  a  similar  hair 
at  each  posterior  corner  and  on  each  humerus,  and  two  or  three  sul)- 


HISTIOSTOMA    AMERICANUM    N.    SP.  11 

median  pairs  on  the  dorsum;  all  of  these  hairs  are  very  short,  curved, 
and  often  invisible.  Legs  rather  large  and  long;  the  tarsi  ver}^  slen- 
der, tarsus  I  (PI.  I,  fig.  12)  nearh^  three  times  as  long  as  penultimate 
joint,  above  with  two  short  spines  near  base,  and  before  middle  one 
more,  below  with  two  rather  beyond  middle,  and  with  several  at  tip, 
and  a  long  curved  hair  about  three-fourths  the  length  of  tarsus;  hind 
tarsus  fully  three  times  as  long  as  penultimate  joint,  with  a  short  spine 
above  near  base,  a  pair  below  beyond  middle,  and  several  near  and  at 
tip,  but  no  long  hair.  Hairs  on  tip  of  palpi  much  shorter  than  in  other 
species. 

Length,  0.30  to  0.35  mm. 

Numerous  specimens  on  decayed  leaves,  Washington,  D.  C,  August. 

Histiostoma  brevipes  n.  sp. 

Bod}'  about  one  and  one-fourth  times  as  long  as  broad,  subp3'riform 
in  shape,  broadly  rounded  l)ehind,  without  ver\^  distinct  humps,  but 
the  posterior  margin  undulate;  behind  with  four  simple  bristles,  each 
about  as  long  as  tarsus,  and  a  pair  of  similar  bristles  on  the  posterior 
sides;  a  similar  humeral  bristle  each  side.  Legs  rather  short,  first 
pair  heav} ,  provided  with  short  spines;  tarsus  I  (PI.  I,  fig.  11)  about 
two  and  one-half  times  as  long  as  broad,  with  two  spines  below  near 
middle,  one  above  before  middle,  and  near  it  is  the  sense  hair  (instead 
of  at  the  base);  at  tip  above  is  a  spine,  and  near  by  is  a  fine  apical 
hair,  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  joint:  tarsus  IV  (PL  I,  fig.  10)  is 
fullv  three  times  as  long  as  the  penultimate  joint,  with  a  spine  above 
near  base,  and  one  below  near  middle,  and  a  few  at  tip.  The  palpus 
(PI.  I,  fig.  8)  has  the  usual  two  bristles,  the  apical  one  very  long,  longer 
than  tarsus  1,  and  much  longer  than  in  allied  species. 

Length,  0.28  to  0.33  mm. 

Several  specimens  from  dead  and  diseased  larvae  of  CyUene  rohhiic^ 
Forst.  in  locust  at  Arlington,  \^a.,  Julj^  (Hopkins). 

Very  distinct  by  short  tarsi,  position  of  sense  hair,  and  long  hair  to 
palpus.  In  appearance  it  is  much  like  ^Michael's  //  pyrifornir^  but 
w^ithout  the  long  apical  hairs  to  posterior  tarsi. 

Histiostoma  americanum  n.  sp. 

Cephalothorax  divided  into  two  parts,  a  broad  posterior  part  and 
a  narrow,  elongate  anterior  portion,  in  some  specimens  almost  broader 
in  front  than  behind,  and  on  its  anterior  margin  are  two  long  bristles; 
below  are  situated  the  mouth  parts  (PI.  I,  fig.  7).  Abdomen  about 
twice  as  long  as  broad,  rather  broader  in  front  than  behind,  rather 
rectangular  in  shape,  almost  straight  across  at  base,  weakh^  emargi- 
nate  behind;  above  with  three  large  rounded  humps  each  side,  two 
behind  lower  down  on  posterior  surface,  a  median  one  at  base 
above,  and  less  prominent  ones  on  the  lower  sides;  each  of  the  larger 
humps  bears  a  short,  stifi'  bristle.     Legs  quite  short,  with  but  few. 


12  A    REVISION    OF    THE    TYROGLYPHIDiE. 

rather  thickened,  hairs;  tarsus  1  (PI.  1,  tig.  4)  nearly  four  times  as 
long  as  broad,  with  sense  hair  at  extreme  base,  a  spine  slightly  beyond 
and  one  near  middle  below,  apical  hair  about  one-half  as  long  as  joint; 
tarsus  IV  (PI.  I,  fig.  6)  four  times  as  long  as  penultimate  joint,  with  a 
spine  above  near  base  and  one  below  near  middle,  apical  hair  not 
prominent. 

Length,  0.20  mm. 

Taken  at  Washington,  D.  C,  in  decaying  matter,  together  with  a 
species  of  Bhizo(/J(/j>Jius. 

Genus  GLYCIPHAGUS  Hering. 

Cuticle  of  body  more  or  less  granulate;  claws  very  small  and  incon- 
spicuous; some  of  the  hairs  of  body  plumose,  or  formed  into  foli- 
aceous  scales;  the  ventral  apertures  are  very  large  and  occup}"  all  the 
space  between  the  coxie;  mandibles  chelate,  usually  with  a  suture 
between  cephalothorax  and  abdomen;  male  without  anal  suckers; 
female  with  the  bursa  copulatrix  projecting  slightly  at  tip  of  the 
a))d()men. 

Type.  —  G.  domt'Sticus  De  Geer. 

This  genus  is  abundantly  represented  in  Europe,  but  in  this  country 
I  have  seen  l)ut  few  species  or  specimens.  The  geiuis  should  form  a 
tribe  or  subfamily  in  the  Tyroglyphidie  on  account  of  its  wide  diver- 
gence in  structure  from  the  ty])ical  Tyroijlyphu^.  These  mites  have 
been  found  feeding  on  all  sort^  of  substances,  ])ut  the  name  indicates 
that  they  are  the  true  ''sugar  mites,"  and  cause  the  disease  known  as 
''grocer's  itch."  Two  species  are  known  to  me. 
Glyciphagus  obesus  n.  sp.     (PI.  I,  tig.  :^>.) 

Body  about  one  and  one-half  times  longer  than  broad,  parallel- 
sided;  pointed  in  front,  broadlv  rounded  ))ehind.  Dorsum  with  scat- 
tered, irregular  granules.  Cephalothorax  with  four  pairs  of  short, 
simple  bristles;  two  pairs  in  front,  a  submedian  pair  behind,  and  one 
in  each  posterior  corner;  and  a  short,  broad  hair  or  scale  near  margin 
over  coxae  II.  Abdomen  with  a  submedian  pair  of  plumose  bristles 
on  basal  third,  a  pair  of  simple  bi-istles  nearer  to  margin  on  pos- 
terior third;  three  simple  bristles  each  side,  and  five  each  side  at  and 
near  the  tip,  the  outer  one  the  longest.  Legs  i-ather  short  and  stout, 
I  (PI.  I,  fig.  2)  and  II  with  a  curved,  plumose  bristle  near  base  of 
third  joint  and  near  middle  of  fourth  joint,  the  latter  joint  with  a 
long,  simple  bristle  at  tip;  tarsi  I  and  II  one  and  one-half  times  longer 
than  preceding  joint,  tarsi  III  and  IV  twice  as  long  as  preceding  joint. 
Venter  minutely  granulate,  genital  aperture  (PI.  I,  fig.  5)  occupying 
all  the  space  between  coxae  and  mouth  parts. 

Length,  0.33  to  0.38  mm. 

Taken  from  a  necktie  that  had  been  for  some  time  in  a  drawer,  at 
Berkeley,  Cal.     (E.  J.  Wickson.) 


Tech.  Series  13,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agricul+ure. 


Plate  I. 


Tyroglyphid  Mites. 

Fig.  1. — GIi/rij)finfiii.<  r'/busfus.  Fig.  i.—Gh/ciphagus  oht'sa^.  leg  I.  Fig.  3. — (rlyciphagus  obesus. 
Fig.  4 — Ilisf/nsfoiiiii  iiiiK licanum.  tarsns  I.  Fig.  -t — Glyciphngus  oftesH.s,  gtMiital  plate.  Fig. 
G.—IfistiosfoiiKi  iiiiii  rlraiiinii.  tarsus  IV.  Fig.  l.—in'stiostoma  amencanii nt .  mouth  parts. 
Fig.  8. — HMioHtoma  brevipex,  palpus.  Fig.  9. — Histiostoma  gracilipe><.  Fia.  10. — HisUoi'tomd 
brevipes,  tarsus  IV.  Fig,  11. — Histiostoma  brevipes,  tarsus  I,  Fig.  12. — Histiostoma  gracilipes, 
tarsus  I. 


GENUS    TYROGLYPHUS    LATEEILLE.  13 

Glyciphagus  robustus  n.  sp.     (PL  I,  tig.  i.) 

Body  short  and  ))road,  rather  broader  behind  middle  than  else- 
where, broadly  rounded  behind.  Dorsum  with  man}^  large,  rounded 
granules,  irregularh'  arranged.  A  submedian  pair  of  long,  sparsely 
plumose  bristles  on  front  margin;  a  still  larger  pair  near  the  hind  mar- 
gin of  the  cephalothorax,  as  near  to  side  as  to  middle;  one  bristle  in 
each  posterior  corner,  and  two  shorter  sybmarginal  ones  each  side  in 
front  of  the  last.  Abdomen  with  about  six  pairs  of  long,  discal,  plu- 
mose bristles,  the  subbasal  pair  not  nearly  as  long  as  the  others;  and 
six  submarginal  bristles  each  side,  the  two  on  the  posterior  margin  not 
nearly  as  long  as  the  others.  Legs  rather  short,  but  the  tarsi  are 
slender;  tarsi  I  and  II  twice  as  long  as  preceding  joint;  tarsus  IV 
more  than  three  times  as  long  as  preceding  joint;  all  with  scattered, 
simple  hairs,  a  longer  hair  near  tip  of  third  and  fourth  joints  of  legs 
I  and  JI.  Venter  rather  linel}^  granulate;  the  large,  broad  genital 
aperture  occupies  all  the  space  between  coxae  II,  III,  and  IV,  but 
does  not  extend  forward  between  coxa?  I. 

Length,  0.2-t  mm. 

Specimens  from  Leetonia,  Ohio,  in  a  lot  of  seeds,  from  Mr.  H.  E. 
Wolfgang. 

Genus  TYROGLYPHUS  Latreille. 

A  suture  between  cephalothorax  and  abdomen;  mandibles  chelate; 
tarsi  with  distinct  claws;  cuti<'le  without  granulations;  ventral  aper- 
tures small;  four  distinct  posterior  bristles  on  the  cephalothorax;  tarsi 
rather  slender,  in  some  species  with  spines;  male  with  anal  suckers; 
in  some  cases  there  is  a  dimorphic  male,  or  the  anterior  legs  of  male 
may  be  thickened. 

Type. — T.  niro  L. 

Oudemans  uses  the  name  Acarus  for  this  genus,  bat  I  think  the 
application  is  strained  and  that  jNIichael  is  right  in  this  matter.  I 
include  in  Tyroglyphus  the  genus  AleuroMus^  which  is  based  on  a  male 
character  of  not  more  than  specific  value. 

There  are  doubtless  a  numl)er  of  species  in  the  United  States.  From 
the  materials  at  hand  I  separate,  the  following  nine  species: 

Table  of  the  Species. 

1.  Some  bristles  on  tarsi  I  and  II  near  middle  are  distinctly  spine-like;  the 

sense-hair  about  its  length  from  base  of  joint 2 

No  spine-like  bristles  near  middle  of  tarsi;  sense-hair  not  its  length  from  base 
'     of  joint 4 

2.  Hind  tarsi  with  two  long  hairs,  one  as  long  as  the  joint terminalis. 

Hind  tarsi  without  such  long  hairs 3 

3.  Male  with  third  legs  enlarged heteromorphus. 

Male  without  enlarged  third  legs armipes. 


14  A    REVISION    OF    THE    TYROGLYPHID^. 

4.  Of  the  terminal  abdominal  bristles  at  least  six  or  more  are  very  long,  nearly 

as  long  as  the  body 5 

Of  the  terminal  abdominal  bristles  only  two  are  about  as  long  as  the  abdo- 
men; leg  I  of  male  greatly  thickened,  and  with  a  spine  at  apex  of  femur 
below farinpe. 

5.  Bristles  of  body  distinctly  plumose  or  pectinate;  tarsi  very  long longior. 

Bristles  of  body  not  pectinate 6 

6.  Cephalothorax  very  short;  legs  I  and  II  of  male  stouter  than  usual hreviceps. 

Cephalothorax  longer,  legs  normal 7 

7.  On  living  trees,  usually  with  scale  insects;  third  and   fourth  joints  of  hind 

legs  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad;  abdominal  bristles  long coccipliilus. 

On  nmshrooms,  or  decaying  matter;  third  and  fourth  joints  of  hind  legs  not 

twice  as  long  as  broad ;  abdominal  bristles  very  long Untneri. 

In  mills,  stored  foods,  grains,  etc. ;  third  and  fourth  joints  of  hind  legs  scarcely 

twice  a#long  as  broad;  abdominal  bristles  shorter americanus. 

Tyroglyphus  farinae  Dv  (iovv.     (PI.  II,  fig.  14.) 

Ceplialothonix  with  four  long  .subequal  bristles  above  in  a  trans- 
verse row,  a  short  pair  in  front  over  the  mandibles;  one  on  each 
hmnerus,  not  as  long  as  width  of  body,  and  a  very  short  one  near  by; 
two  pairs  on  the  middle  of  dorsum,  rather  farther  back  than  usual, 
the  posterior  pair  the  longer,  but  these  not  more  than  one-half  the 
length  of  the  a))domen;  two  hairs  on  each  posterior  side,  not  one-half 
the  length  of  abdomen,  and  near  the  tip  are  two  more  pairs  of  ])ristles, 
one  of  which  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  the  other  pair  being 
much  shorter;  a  pair  of  short  bristles  near  anus  below  (PI.  II,  fig.  16). 
Legs  rather  short,  and  the  front  pair  thickened;  in  the  male  very 
greatly  so,  and  the  fennir  provided  with  a  sharp,  apical  process 
below  at  tip,  and  two  small  teeth  on  next  joint.  The  long  bristle  on 
penultimate  joint  is  as  long  as  the  tarsus  in  all  leus;  tarsus  I  (PI.  II, 
tig.  IT)  is  scarcel}'  twice  as  long  as  the  preceding  joint,  tarsus  IV 
(PI.  II,  tig.  14)  more  than  twice  as  long  as  penultimate  joint;  the 
third  and  fourth  joints  of  the  hind  legs  are  about  twice  as  long  as 
broad;  none  of  the  hairs  on  the  legs  is  spine-like. 

Length,  0.45  to  0.60  nun. 

Specimens  have  been  examined  from  various  localities,  all,  however, 
in  the  North,  as  Marblehead,  ]\Iass.,  Lancaster,  Pa.,  Adrian,  Mich., 
and  Minneapolis,  ^linn.,  in  mills,  granaries,  and  seeds. 

I  keep  this  species  in  the  genus  Tf/ror/Zt/jf/n/s^  since  the  genus  Aleu- 
rohi.us  is  based  on  a  secondary  sexual  charact'^r;  in  other  respects  it  is 
a  true  Tyroglyphys.  If  this  genus  is  used,  then  other  genera  should 
be  made  for  T.  lieterornorpliuH  and  T.  (trmipes^  which  is,  I  think, 
unnecessary. 
Tyroglyphus  longior  Gervais. 

Cephalothorax  with  four  long,  subequal  bristles  in  a  transverse  row, 
and  two  shorter  bristles  on  front  margin;  two  long  humeral  bristles; 
two  pairs  of  submedian  bristles  on  dorsum,  the  anterior  pair  more 
than  one  half  the  length  of  abdomen,  the  jwsterior  pair  as  long  as  the 


Tech.  Series  13,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  II. 


Tyroglyphid  Mites. 


Fig.  13. — Monie: 


zziella  longipes.     Fig.  \A.—  Tiirnqliiphiixfariiur  and  tarsus  IV  of  male.     Fig.  \b.—Mon- 
xta.     Fig.  \6.—  Ti/n>r//i/pfius   farhin'.  venter  of  male.     Fig.  ll.—  Ti/ronli/phus  farinse, 

leg  I  of  male.     Fig.  18.— Moniczlella  brevitarsis.    Fig.  l^.—Monieziella  hrevitarsis,  male  venter  and 

mandible. 


TYROGLYPHUS    LINTNERI    OSBORN.  15 

entire  body,  behind  toward  tip  are  six  pairs  of  bristles,  most  of  tliem 
fully  as  long  as  entire  body;  all  these  bristles  of  body  are  seen  to  be 
hairy  (PI.  V,  fig.  .1:4):  the  cephalic  bristles  show  these  hairs  more  dis- 
tinctly toward  tip.  The  basal  joints  of  the  legs  are  of  the  usual 
length,  but  the  tarsi  are  extremely  slender;  tarsus  1  (PI.  V,  fig.  i-i) 
is  about  as  long  as  the  three  preceding  joints  together,  while  tarsus  IV 
(PI.  V,  fig.  44)  is  about  as  long  as  the  rest  of  the  leg;  the  bristles  on 
legs  are  about  as  usual,  fine  and  slender,  but  that  at  the  tip  of  the 
penultimate  joint  of  leg  IV  is  scarcely  half  as  long  as  the  tarsus;  the 
hair  near  tip  of  tarsus  is  rather  short  on  all  legs. 

Length,  0.40  to  0.60  mm. 

This  species  is  readily  known  by  the  hairy  bristles  of  body  and  by 
its  extremely  long  tarsi.  It  has  been  received  only  a  few  times,  but 
usually  in  great  abundance  and  usually  attended  with  some  predaceous 
m\iQ^—Cheyletus  or  Gammus.  Specimens  have  been  examined  from 
grain  in  mill  at  Milwaukee,  Wis. ;  from  Winfield,  Ontario,  Canada,  in 
house  and  barn  in  great  numbers,  and  Doctor  Oudemans  writes  me 
that  he  has  seen  it  from  California. 
Tyroglyphus  lintneri  Osborn.     (PI.  Ill,  fig.  29.) 

Cephalothorax  with  four  long,  subequal  bristles  in  a  slightly  curved 
transverse  row;  a  pair  on  front  margin,  longer  than  the  mandibles; 
two  long  humeral  bristles  and  a  short  one  close  b}^;  two  pairs  of  sub- 
median  bristles  on  the  dorsum  of  abdomen,  the  anterior  pair  about 
one-half  the  length  of  the  abdomen,  the  posterior  pair  as  long  as  abdo- 
men; and  six  each  side  near  tip,  all  very  long  except  the  inner  one, 
which  is  scarcely  as  long  as  abdomen,  and  a  short  pair  on  venter  near 
the  anus.  The  legs  have  the  usual  bristles,  the  long  one  at  end  of 
penultimate  joint  is  plainh^  longer  than  the  tarsi  in  all  the  legs;  the 
hind  tarsi  (PL  III,  fig.  24)  are  full}^  as  long  as  the  two  preceding 
joints  together;  there  is  a  curved  plumose  bristle  above  on  the  third 
joint  of  legs  I  and  II.     (Male  genitalia,  see  PI.  Ill,  fig.  25.) 

Length,  0.30  to  0.38  mm. 

This  mite  is  very  similar  in  all  respects  to  the  T.  americanvs.  but 
the  bristles  of  abdomen  are  longer  and  somewhat  differently  arranged. 
In  the  male  the  tubercle-like  suckers  on  hind  tarsi  (PI.  Ill,  fig.  24)  are 
farther  apart  than  in  T.  american^is;  in  the  female  the  vulva  (PL  III, 
fig.  23)  shows  a  broader  emargination  behind  than  in  that  species. 
These  differences,  associated  with  the  different  habitat,  demand  some 
recognition  in  nomenclature;  therefore  I  consider  the  mushroom  mite 
as  a  distinct  species.  It  differs  at  once  from  T.  hmgior  in  the  simple 
bristles  of  the  body. 

This  species  has  been  received  from  Freehold,  N.  J. ;  Hazelton  and 
West  Chester,  Pa. ;  and  from  York  Corner,  Me.     It  does  enormous 
damage  to  mushrooms,  but  appears  to  be  a  native  species.     Lintner 
records  it  from  Jamesport,  Suffolk  County,  N.  Y, 
8040—06 3 


iO  A    REVISION    OF    THE    TYROGLYPHIDiK. 

Tyroglyphus  americanus  n.  sp.  (PI.  Ill,  ti^\  20). 

Cephalothoi'ax  with  four  long,  line,  equal  bristles  in  a  slightly 
curved  transverse  ix)w,  a  pair  of  shorter  bristles  on  front  margin; 
two  long  humeral  bristles,  longer  than  width  of  body,  a  pair  of  sub- 
median  bristles  each  side  on  the  dorsum,  the  anterior  rather  short,  the 
posterior  ver}^  long,  as  long  as  abdomen;  on  posterior  margin  and 
near  the  tip  are  six  bristles  each  side,  five  of  them  about  as  long  as 
abdomen,  the  other  much  shorter  and  near  the  median  line.  Legs  of 
moderate  length,  like  figures  of  T.  s'lro^  but  the  tarsi  (PL  III,  fig.  22) 
are  more  elongate  and  slender  tlien  in  Michael's  figure  of  that  species; 
the  usual  bristles  are  present,  none  spine-like;  that  at  tip  of  penulti- 
mate joints  is  ver}^  long;  there  is  a  curved  plumose  bristle  above  on 
the  third  joint  of  legs  I  and  II;  the  hair  at  tip  of  tarsus  is  not  one- 
half  the  length  of  the  joint;  in  the  male  the  sucker-like  tubercles  on 
tarsus  IV  are  but  little  more  than  their  diameter  apart.  (Genitalia, 
PI.  Ill,  fig.  21.) 

Length  0.27  to  0.30  mm. 

This  species  is  close  to  Michael's  identification  of  T.  siro^  but  has 
much  longer  bristles  and  longer  tarsi;  indeed  the  hind  tarsi  are  as  long- 
as  the  two  preceding  joints  together;  however,  it  can  not  be  T.  longioi\ 
since  the  bristles  are  not  serrate.  It*  may  be  that  some  European 
writers  ha\e  mixt  this  species  with  T.  lon(jioi\  but  I  regard  Michael's 
identification  of  T.  longior  as  correct,  that  is,  a  mite  with  long  serrate 
bristles,  and  the  same  as  the  form  I  regard  as  T.  longior  in  this  paper. 

There  are  many  specimens  of  this  species  in  the  collection  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture,  as  follows:  Washington,  D.  C,  on  rotten 
plums;  Paola,  Kans.,  in  flaxseed;  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  in  wheat; 
Savannah,  Ga.,  in  rice;  College  Station,  Tex.,  in  cotton  seed;  Racine, 
Wis.,  in  flax  mill,  and  on  decaying  orange  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

Many  of  the  references  to  T.  siro  and  T.  longior  in  our  economic 
literature  doubtless  refer  to  this  species. 

Tyroglyphus  cocciphilus  n.  sp. 

Cephalothorax  with  four  long  bristles  in  a  transverse  row,  the  mid- 
dle pair  plainly  longer  than  the  outer  pair,  3-et  the  latter  is  as  long  as 
width  of  body;  a  short  pair  on  the  front  margin,  longer  than  the  mandi- 
bles; two  pairs  on  dorsum,  the  basal  pair  about  one-half  the  length  of 
body,  the  posterior  pair  about  as  long  as  entire  body;  two  long  humeral 
bristles  each  side  and  a  short  one  near  by;  behind  and  near  tip  are  12 
bristles,  3  on  each  posterior  side  and  3  each  side  near  tip  in  a  vertical 
or  longitudinal  line,  all  about  as  long  as  abdomen  or  a  little  longer;  a 
short  pair  below  near  anus.  Legs  of  moderate  length,  with  the  usual 
bristles,  none  spine-like;  the  tarsus  (PI.  IV,  fig.  35)  about  as  long  as 
two  preceding  joints  together  in  all  the  legs,  the  bristle  at  tip  of 


Te 


ch.  Series  13,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  III. 


Tyroglyphid  Mites. 

Fiff.  20.— Ti/roglyphas  americanus.  Fig.  'll.—  TiirogUjpha^^  iunrnrnim^,  genitali.i.  Fir.  22.— r.v 
roqlvphu^  americanus,  tarsi  I  and  IV.  Fig.  23.- Tumgh/pl' '(■<>> n1n<  n,  vulva.  F  g.  24.- T//  o 
gli^jln.  Ii„tnevi,  tarsus  IV  ot  male.  Fig.  ^h.-Tinnglnplms  lintnrn.  genitalia  ot  malt^  Fig 
26.-r>iru,ili,pln<s  Urminalis.  leg  I.  Fig.  'll.—  Tunxjluphus  Urnuunlis.  tarsus  1\  .  Fig.  -S.-i// 
ru!)l!/i>}nix'tn-mi)i(di)<,  vulva.     Fig.  l^.—  Turoulnplmx  lintnen. 


TYROaLYPHUS  TEEMINALIS  T^.  SP.  17 

penultimate  joint  about  as  long  as  tarsus;  third  and  fourth  joints  of 
hind  legs  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad;  in  the  male  the  suckers  on 
hind  tarsi  (PI.  lY,  fig.  35)  are  more  than  twice  their  diameter  apart 
and  nearh^  as  close  to  each  end  of  joint  as  to  each  other.  (Vulva  and 
anal  suckers,  PL  IV,  fig.  33:  male  aperture,  PI.  IV.  fig.  34.) 

Length,  0.35  to  OAO  mm. 

Specimens  from  Columbia,  Pa.,  with  Lecanivrn  on  plum;  also  wdth 
oj^ster-shell  scale  on  osage  orange  (probably  from  Missouri),  w4th  mealy 
bug  on  guava  at  Rock  Ledge,  Fla.,  and  on  orange  leaves  at  Sanford,  Fla. 

This  species  is  very  close  to  T.  lintnerl  Osb.,  and  might  have  been 
considered  as  only  a  variation  of  that  species  but  for  the  totall}^  difier- 
ent  habitat.  The  legs  are  rather  more  slender,  but  the  hind  tarsi  are 
no  longer,  and  the  hair  at  the  tip  of  the  penultimate  joint  is  not  as 
long  as  in  T.  Vintiitrl^  nor  as  heavy. 

Tyroglyphus  breviceps  n.  sp.  (PL  IV,  fig.  30). 

Cephalothorax  very  short,  in  proportion  to  the  length  of  the  body; 
four  rather  long,  subequal  bristles  above  in  a  transverse  row,  and  a 
short  pair  in  front  over  mandibles;  two  moderately  long  humeral  bris- 
tles; two  submedian  pairs  on  the  dorsum,  the  basal  pair  short,  the 
other  scarceh^  as  long  as  abdomen ;  six  bristles  each  side  and  near  tip, 
rather  widely  separated  at  base,  from  two-thirds  to  fully  the  length 
of  the  body;  a  short  pair  below  near  anus;  tarsus  about  twice  as  long 
as  preceding  joint,  the  bristle  at  tip  of  latter  as  long  as  tarsus  on  the 
front  legs  (PL  IV,  fig.  32),  and  three-fourths  as  long  on  the  hind  legs; 
each  tarsus  with  a  fine  bristle  beneath  near  middle;  hind  tarsus  (PL 
IV,  ^g.  31),  with  apical  hair  not  one-half  the  length  of  tarsus;  the 
third  and  fourth  joints  in  hind  leg  not  twice  as  long  as  broad. 

Length,  0.35  to  0.50  mm. 

The  hairs  are  a  little  shorter  than  in  T.  americanus  and  the  legs 
rather  stouter,  and  especially  so  in  the  front  legs  of  the  male. 

Specimens  from  Victoria,  Tex.,  taken  from  dead  larva?  of  the  cotton 
boll  weevil. 

Tyroglyphus  terminalis  n.  sp. 

Cephalothorax  with  four  bristles  in  a  transverse  row,  the  outer  pair 
nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  inner  pair,  a  pair  of  short  bristles  on  ante- 
rior margin;  two  humeral  bristles,  about  two-thirds  the  width  of  the 
body,  two  pairs  of  bristles  above  on  abdomen,  and  five  pairs  near  tip, 
all  about  one-half  the  length  of  the  abdomen  except  one  pair  each  side 
near  tip,  which  are  about  as  long  as  the  abdomen;  all  are  simple. 
Legs  rather  stout,  especially  the  anterior  pair  (PL  III,  fig.  26),  the 
bristles  stout,  and  many  of  those  on  the  tarsi  are  spine-like;  tarsus  I 
is  not  twice  the  length  of  the  penultimate  joint,  while  the  hind  tarsi 
(PL  III,  fig.  27)  are  about  as  long  as  two  preceding  joints  together; 


18  A    REVISION    OF    THE    TYROGLYPHID^. 

the  hair  near  tip  of  tarsus  is  very  long  in  all  legs,  but  the  hind  tarsi 
have  two  long  hairs  near  tip,  one  of  them  longer  than  the  tarsus. 
(Vulva,  PI.  ILL  fig.  28.) 

Length.  0..50  mm. 

Specimens  from  Limburger  cheese,  Washington,  D.  C.  (Dr.  G. 
Marx). 

This  species  is  near  Michael's  figure  of  Tyroglyphxis  mycophagm^  but 
the  mite  is  not  so  slender,  the  bristles  are  longer,  and  those  on  tarsi 
are  longer.     1  am  not  certain  that  Michael  has  correcth^  identitied 
Megnin's  species. 
Tyroglyphus  heteromorphus  Felt. 

Male  (PI.  YW  tig.  39). — Cephalothorax  with  four  long  bristles  in  a 
transverse  row,  but  the  inner  pair  is  not  one-half  as  long  as  the  outer 
})air;  a  pair  of  short  Ijristles  on  anterior  margin;  two  bristles  on  each 
humerus,  one  short,  the  other  as  long  as  width  of  body;  two  pairs  of 
submedian  bristles  on  dorsum,  each  a))out  two-thirds  the  length  of  the 
abdomen;  a  rather  long  bristle  on  the  middle  each  side,  another  long 
one  behind  this,  then  a  short  one.  and  three  long  ones  each  side  near 
tip.  each  l)ut  little  shorter  than  abdomen.  Legs  with  the  usual  bris- 
tles, that  at  apex  of  pemdtimate  joint  scarcely  as  long  as  tarsus;  the 
sense  hair  on  tarsi  1  (PI.  I\',  tig.  38)  and  II  is  about  its  length  from 
the  base:  most  of  the  tarsal  bristles  are  distinctly  s[)ine-like;  the  hair 
at  tip  of  tarsus  IV  (PI.  IV.  fig.  36)  is  not  one-half  the  length  of  the 
joint,  the  bristle  at  tip  of  penultimate  joint  of  leg  IV  is  not  one-half  as 
long  as  tarsus,  the  latter  joint  as  long  as  two  preceding  joints  together; 
leg  III  (PI.  \W  tig.  37)  enlarged,  as  in  figure,  ending  in  a  large  claw 
and  two  very  long  bristles. 

The  female  ditiers  in  having  the  bristles  of  bod}'  shorter,  especially 
the  a})dominal  ones;  there  are  four  at  tip  which  are  not  one-half  as 
long  as  width  of  body;  the  tarsi,  especially  the  hind  tarsi,  are  shorter 
than  in  the  male.  The  abdomen  is,  of  course,  broader,  and  larger  in 
proportion  to  the  cephalothorax. 

Length  0.60  to  1  mm. 

A  peculiar  species,  which  I  have  seen  onh'  from  decaj'ing  asparagus 
roots  from  near  Washington,  D.  C.  It  was  described  as  injuring  the 
roots  of  carnations  at  Berlin,  Mass.  The  RhizoglypJiuH  f^^?7/.s' Michael, 
1903,  ma}'  be  a  synonym;  however,  there  are  several  minor  differences 
which  may  possibly  be  due  to  Michael's  inaccurate  figures. 
Tyroglyphus  armipes  n.  sp. 

Cephalothorax  with  four  long  bristles  in  a  transverse  row,  but  the 
inner  pair  is  not  half  as  long  as  the  outer  pair;  a  pair  of  short  bristles 
on  front  margin.  Male  with  two  bristles  on  each  humerus,  one  short, 
the  other  nearly  as  long  as  width  of  body;  three  pairs  of  bristles  on 
dorsum,  basal  pair  very  short,  the  others  long  and  reaching  beyond  tip 


Tech.  Series  13,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  IV. 


Tyroglyphid  Mites. 

Fig:.  30.—  Tyroglyphus  breviceps.  Fig.  31 .—  Ti/ronli/pfiKs  brrr/Wpx,  tarsus  IV.  Fig.  32.—  Ti/ronlunhus 
brevicep.^,  leg  I.  Fig.  SS.—  Tywglypluis  r<,rriphihis.  vulva  and  anal  suckers.  Fig.  34.— ty'ror/h/- 
pIni.-<  rocriphilus,  male  aperture  Fi^.  ■<'\~  Tiiraqhiphn^  n>rrij>/iihis,  tarsus  IV— male  and  female. 
Fig  •Se.—  Tynuflyphtoi  Jieteromorphns,  tarsus  IV.  Fig.  ■Sl.—  Ti/rudh/pfuis  liFln-omorphux,  leg  III  of 
male.      Fig.   •SS.—  Tyroglyphus  heteromorphus,  tarsus  I.      Fig.  m.—  Tyroqlyphus  heteromorphus, 


GENUS    RHIZOGLYPHUS    CLAPABEDE.  19 

of  abdomen;, two  on  each  posterior  side,  quite  long,  and  behind  are 
four  each  side,  three  of  which  are  about  as  long  as  the  abdomen, 
the  inner  pair  much  shorter.  Legs  rather  slender,  tarsi  as  long  as 
two  preceding  joints  together;  most  of  the  tarsal  hairs  are  spine-like; 
the  hair  at  tip  of  penultimate  joint  is  rather  shorter  than  tarsi,  but  in 
leg  IV  (PI.  V,  fig.  41)  it  is  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  tarsus;  the  hair 
at  tip  of  tarsus  not  one-half  length  of  tarsus.  (Tarsus  I,  PI.  V, 
Hg.  42.)  In  the  female  the  bristles  are  much  shorter,  the  humeral 
'■iiistle  not  nearly  as  long  as  width  of  bod}-,  those  on  dorsum  not  reach- 
ing to  tip,  the  posterior  lateral  ones  ver}^  short,  and  those  behind  near 
tip  are  scarcely  one-half  as  long  as  width  of  body.  (Vulya,  PI.  Y, 
fig.  43.)  "^ 

Length,  0.75  to  1  mm. 

Specimens  from  Lincoln  Nebr.  and  from  Atlanta,  Ga.,  on  dead 
lary?e  of  corn  pyralid. 

Genus  RHIZOGLYPHUS  Claparede. 

A  suture  between  cephalothorax  and  abdomen;  mandibles  chelate; 
tarsi  with  distinct  claws;  cuticle  not  granulate;  yentral  apertures 
small;  only  two  distinct  posterior  bristles  on  the  cephalothorax,  but  in 
some  forms  a  minute  intermediate  pair  is  present;  tarsi  short  and  stout, 
proyided  with  some  stout  spines;  male  with  anal  suckers,  and  in  some 
cases  there  is  a  dimorphic  male  with  the  third  pair  of  legs  greatl}' 
enlarged  and  ending  in  a  large  curyed  claw.  The  species  are  yege- 
table  feeders,  and  attack  healthy  liying  tissues,  usually  the  part  in  the 
ground. 

Type. — R.  hyacinthi  Boisd.  {echmopns  Robin). 

This  genus  was  based  on  the  absence  of  a  caroncle  to  tarsus,  a  char- 
acter of  yariable  value  in  allied  genera.  Michael  uses  the  dimorphic 
male  as  a  distinguishing  character,  but  I  would  rather  not  use  a  sexual 
character  for  a  genus,  so  base  the  genus  on  the  two  posterior  cephalic 
bristles  and  spiny  tarsi. 

I  distinguish  six  species  in  our  fauna  by  the  following  table; 

Table  of  the  Species. 

1.  Tarsus  I  with  a  large  spine  close  to  the  sense  hair 3 

Tarsus  I  without  a  spine  near  the  sense  hair 2 

2.  Abdominal  bristles  as  long  as  width  of  body;  tarsi  longer tarsalis 

Abdominal  bristles  much  shorter  than  width  of  body;  tarsi  shorter...  phylloxerse 

3.  Tarsus  I  fully  two  and  one-half  to  three  times  as  long  as  broad longitarm 

Tarsus  I  not  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad 4 

4.  Body  three  times  as  long  as  broad;  legs  very  short elongatus 

Body  less  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad 5 

5.  Hind  tarsus  two  and  one-half  to  three  times  as  long  as  broad;  abdominal  bris- 

tles longer;  no  dimorphic  male  seen rhizophagus 

Hind  tarsus  about  twice  as  long  as  broad;  abdominal  bristles  very  short;  a 
dimorphic  male  is  common hyacinthi 


20  A    REVISION    OF   THE    TYROGLYPHID^. 

Rhizoglyphus  phylloxerae  Riley.     (PI.  VI,  fio-.  61.) 

Cephalothorax  with  a  pair  of  frontal  bristles  and  a  pair  of  much 
larger  posterior  bristles,  also  a  pair  of  minute  intermediate  bristles; 
one  bristle  on  each  humerus:  in  the  female  there  are  six  short  bristles 
near  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  the  longest  pair  not  one-half  the  width 
of  the  body;  a  submedian  pair  of  short  ones  behind  the  middle  of  the 
dorsum,  and  one  short  bristle  on  each  posterior  side.  The  male  has 
eight  bristles  at  tip  of  abdomen,  some  about  as  long  as  width  of  body; 
while  the  dimorphic  male  with  the  thickened  leg  III  (PI.  VI,  tig.  60) 
has  these  apical  bristles  about  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  and  two 
pairs  of  long  bristles  on  the  dorsum.  The  legs  are  rather  long; 
tarsus  I  (PI.  VI,  fig.  5t>)  has  no  spine  above  near  the  sense  hair,  but 
toward  the  middle  is  a  stiti  bristle;  the  othei-  spines  are  present  and 
are  long,  the  apical  hairs  are  shorter  than  th(^  joint;  the  bristle  from 
the  penultimate  joitit  is  longer  than  the  tarsus  in  all  except  the  hind 
legs;  tarsus  1\'  (PI.  \'I.  tig.  57)  is  about  as  long  as  two  preceding 
joints  together,  and  in  tlie  male  is  still  more  elongate;  it  has  two  spines 
below  near  middle:  the  apical  hairs  are  shorter  than  the  joint.  The 
enlarged  leg  III  of  the  dimorphic  male  ends  in  a  long  claw;  several 
bristles  are  near  by.  l)ut  no  tooth.  In  life  these  mites  are  rather 
yellowish  white,  with  chestnut-brown  legs  and  a  dark  spot  on  each 
posterior  side  of  the  al)domen. 

Length  0.75  to  1  nun. 

I  identify  this  with  Riley's  species,  since  his  figures  of  the  legs  show 
a  rather  slender  tarsus,  and  the  other  characters  shown  by  his  figure 
agree  with  this  form. 

Specimens  have  been  examined  from  the  roots  of  cowpeas  from 
Macon.  (Ja.;  from  Auburn,  Kv.,  on  scabby  potatoes;  from  Lawrence, 
Mass.,  on  young  potato  plants,  and  from  Akron,  Ohio,  on  rotten 
potatoes;  also  from  Illinois,  infesting  pine  cones. 

Michael  has  considered  that  Riley's  species  was  a  synonym  of 
B.  echinop^is  Megn.  {hyaclnthi  Boisd.).  This  species  is,  however, 
abundantly  distinct  from  the  '"bulb  mite,''  and  perhaps  does  not  now 
occur  in  Europe,  altho  it  was  introduced  into  France.  At  that  time 
it  was  supposed  to  feed  on  the  Phylloxera. 
Rhizoglyphus  tarsalis  n.  sp. 

This  species  is  similar  in  nearly  all  respects  to  B.  phylloxei'se;  that 
is,  there  is  no  spine  on  tarsus  I  (PI.  V,  fig.  -15)  near  the  sense  hair, 
and  the  tarsi  are  long.  I  have  not  seen  any  males,  but  the  female 
difiers  from  R.  jyhylhKcerm  in  having  the  bristles  near  tip  of  abdomen 
nearly  as  long  as  width  of  body,  and  in  the  plainly  longer  hind  tarsi 
(PI.  V,  fig.  46),  w^hich  are  longer  than  the  preceding  two  joints 
together. 

The  specimens  come  from  Spreckels,  C^al.,  taken  from  sugar  beets 
by  Mr.  E.  S.  G.Titus. 


Tech.  Series  13,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  V. 


Xyroglyphid  Mites. 

Fig  40—CarpogIyphiis  passularum.  Fig.  -ll.—  Ti/wglyjjhus  armipes,  tarsus  IV.  Fig.  42  —Tiiro- 
&■"'  «''"V/f-'-  ^'T)^^r  ^-  P^.^i.-Tiiroglyphus  armip^s.  vulva.  Fig.  U -T>,roglyphus 
Zo«r,/o,.  tarsi  I  and  IV.  and  body  hairs.  Fig.  Vr>.-Bhizor/l,iphu.,  tarsali.<^.  tarsus  I.  Fig. 
fl-~Rhip9\yphus  t'u-sahs.  tarsus  IV.  Fig.  il.—Iihizoghjphu.ifn/acinthi,  leg  III  of  male.  Fig. 
^^.—FJazoglyphus  hyacinthi,  tarsi  I  and  IV.    Fig.  A^.—Rhizoglyphus  hyacinthi. 


RHIZOGLYPHUS    RHIZOPHAGUS    ]^.    SP.  21 

Rhizoglyphus  hyacinthi  Boisd.     (PL  V,  fi^.  49.) 

Cephalothorax  with  a  pair  of  frontal  bristles,  and  a  pair  of  large 
and  long-  posterior  bristles  (intermediate  bristles  not  visible);  a  rather 
long  hunieral  bristle;  a  submedian  pair  of  short  bristles  on  the  dorsum, 
one  on  each  posterior  side  and  six  near  the  tip,  all  short,  the  longest 
scarcely  one-half  the  width  of  bod3\  Legs  short  and  stout,  the  tarsus  I 
(PI.  V,  fig.  ttcS,  at  right)  but  little  longer  than  preceding  joint,  the 
spine  above  is  close  to  the  sense  hair,  and  the  apical  hairs  are  longer 
than  the  joint;  the  bristle  at  tip  of  penultimate  joint  is  longer  than  the 
tarsus  in  all  except  the  hind  legs;  the  hind  tarsus  (PI.  V,  fig.  48,  at 
left)  is  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  two  spines  below  near  mid- 
dle, the  usual  apical  spines,  and  the  apical  hairs  are  longer  than  the 
joint.  In  the  male  there  are  six  hairs  near  tip  of  abdomen  above,  some 
nearly  as  long  as  width  of  body,  and  below  are  four  rather  long,  sub- 
equal  bristles  in  a  straight  transverse  row;  in  the  dimorphic  male  leg 
111  (PI,  V,  tig.  47)  is  enormously  thickened,  and  ends  in  a  stout  claw, 
with  a  stout  tooth  at  inner  base.  In  color  it  is  white  with  brownish 
head  and  legs,  and  a  dark  spot  on  each  posterior  side  of  the  abdomen. 

Length,  0.55  to  0.75  mm. 

Specimens  have  been  taken  from  the  bulbs  of  Bermuda  lilies  shipped 
to  this  countr3^ 

Under  the  name  of  R.  echinopus  Megn.  several  European  authors 
have  gathered  various  species;  whether  this  form,  which  seems  partial 
to  bulbs,  is  the  same  as  Megnin's  species  1  can  not  tell  from  descrip- 
tions; however,  I  think  it  identical  with  the  R.  echinopus  of  Michael. 
Its  ravages  in  various  bulbs  and  orchids  have  given  it  the  name  of 
"bulb  mite"  and  "  Eucharis  mite."  The  damage  caused  by  it  to 
Bermuda  lilies  has  been  treated  by  Mr.  A.  F.  Woods  in  1897,  in  a 
paper  entitled  "Bermuda  lily  disease."  (See  bibliograph}^,  p.  27.) 
The  R.  megnini  of  Haller  appears  to  be  a  distinct  species,  with  plainly 
shorter  bristles. 
Rhizoglyphus  rhizophagus  n.  sp.     (PL  VI,  tig.  50.) 

Cephalothorax  with  a  pair  of  frontal  bristles,  and  a  pair  of  long 
posterior  bristles  (no  intermediate  bristles  visible);  a  humeral  bristle 
fulh^  one-half  the  width  of  body,  two  on  each  posterior  side  and  six 
at  tip  in  the  female,  all  short,  the  longest  about  one-half  the  width  of 
the  bod}',  and  a  submedian  pair  above  on  dorsum.  Legs  short,  the 
anterior  pairs  very  heav-y,  the  tarsi  I  (PL  VI,  tig.  51)  and  II  with  a 
spine  above  near  the  sensory  haii*;  and  one  below,  rather  before  the 
middle;  apical  hairs  longer  than  the  joint;  the  bristle  from  penulti- 
mate joint  longer  than  the  tarsus  in  all  legs,  except  the  hind  pair; 
hind  tarsus  (PL  VI,  fig.  52)  two  and  one-half  to  three  times  as  long  as 
broad,  two  spines  below  near  middle,  and  the  usual  spines  at  apex; 
the  apical  hairs  as  long  as  the  joint.  In  the  male  the  abdomen  has 
eight  bristles  near  tip,  one  pair  rather  more  than  one-half  the  width 


22  A    REVISION    OF    THE    TYROGLYPHID^. 

of  the  body;  and  on  the  venter  (PI.  VI,  fig.  56)  behind  anus  are  four 
subequal  bristles  in  a  transverse  row;  the  leg  III  of  male  is  like  that 
of  IV  and- not  thickened  in  the  many  males  examined  bv  me. 

Length  0.65  to  0.80  mm. 

This  species  differs  from  ^.  hyacintlil  in  several  minute  points, 
namely:  the  longer  tarsi,  especially  hind  tarsi;  the  position  and  size  of 
certain  bristles,  and  the  proportionately  larger  front  legs. 

Specimens  have  been  studied  from  Missoula,  Mont.,  on  roots  of 
apple  trees;  from  Missouri,  under  a  cotton  wood  stump,  and  on  onions, 
from  Glenellen,  Cal. 

Rhizoglyphus  elongatus  n.  sp.  (PL  VI,  fig.  53). 

Ceplialothorax  with  a  pair  of  long  frontal  bristles,  and  a  pair  of 
posterior  bristles,  barely  longer  than  the  others,  no  intermediate  bristles 
visible;  a  humeral  bristle  each  side  no  longer  than  cephalic  bristles,  and 
six  short  bristles  near  tip  of  abdomen,  the  superior  pair  the  longest, 
but  no  longer  than  frontal  bristles.  Body  very  elongate,  more  than 
•three  times  as  long  as  broad,  mandibles  large.  Legs  very  short  and 
stout;  tarsus  I  (PI.  VI,  fig.  51),  but  little  longer  than  penultimate  joint, 
a  spine  above  near  the  sense  hair,  one  below  beyond  middle,  and  two 
near  tip,  apical  ))ristles  short;  the  bristle  from  tip  of  penultimate  joint 
very  large  and  prominent,  and  longer  than  tarsus  in  all  legs;  hind 
tarsus  but  little  longer  than  front  ones,  and  with  short  apical  hairs. 

Length  0.30  to  0.35  mm. 

The  onl}'  specimens  seen  were  taken  from  the  roots  of  clover  in 
October,  1879,  probably  in  Missouri.  Distinct  by  elongate  body,  very 
short  legs,  and  short  posterior  bristles  of  cephalothorax. 

Rhizoglyphus  longitarsis  n.  sp. 

Cephalothorax  with  a  pair  of  long  frontal  bristles,  a  pair  of  very 
long  and  large  posterior  bristles,  and  a  pair  of  minute  intermediate 
bristles;  a  long  humeral  bristle;  the  female  with  six  bristles  near  tip 
of  abdomen,  none  more  than  one-third  the  width  of  bod}^;  in  the  male 
the  bristles  are  longer,  some  nearly  as  long  as  width  of  body,  and  on 
the  venter,  behind  anus,  are  four  bristles  in  a  transverse  row%  but  the 
outer  pair  is  very  much  longer  than  the  inner  pair.  The  legs  are 
rather  long;  tarsus  I  (PI.  VI,  fig.  58)  about  two  and  one-half  times  as 
long  as  broad,  and  w^ith  a  spine  close  to  the  sense  hair,  one  below  near 
middle  and  two  others  near  tip;  the  apical  hairs  nearly  as  long  as  the 
joint;  the  bristle  at  tip  of  penultimate  joint  is  longer  than  the  tarsus 
in  all  legs,  except  the  hind  pair;  the  hind  tarsus  (PI.  VI,  fig.  55)  is 
very  long  and  slender,  with  two  spines  beyond  middle,  and  the  apical 
hairs  about  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  joint. 

Length  0.75  mm. 

I  have  seen  specimens  from  Emporia,  Kans.,  taken  from  the  rotten 
bulbs  of  Caladium,  esculentum. 


Tech.  Series  13,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  VI. 


Tyroglyphid  Mites. 

Fig.  bO.—PJdzoqhjphus  rhizop/iagus.  Fig.  bl.—Rhizoqlyphm  rhizophar/us,  tarsus  I.  Fig.  o2.—Rhi- 
zo(jl[iplim  rhizophagus.  tarsus  IV.  Fig.  b^.—B}nz<»ihiplut.'<  elongdtus.  Fig.  M.—RMzoqlyphus 
dongatus,  tarsus  I.  Fig.  bb.—Rhizoglyphus  loiu/it'irsis.  [arsus  IV.  Fig.  b6.—Rhizogli/phns'rhizo- 
phagus,  male  venter.  Fig.  b^.—Bhizoglyphu>-  phiillo.rrrH'.  tarsi  IV— male  and  female.  Fig. 
bS.—EJn'zoglj/phiis  longifarsis,  tarsus  I.  Fig.  b\).—Rhizoglyphus  phijlloxerse..  tarsus  I.  Fig. 
60.— Rhizoglgphus  phylloxeras,  leg  III  of  male.  Fig.  Gh—Ehizoglyphus  phylloxeras,  half  of  front 
of  body. 


MONIEZIELLA    LONGIPES    N.    SP.  28 

Genus  MONIEZIELLA  Berlese. 

A  suture  between  cephalothorax  and  abdomen;  mandibles  large, 
chelate;  tarsi  with  distinct  claws;  cuticle  without  granulations;  ven- 
tral apertures  small;  but  two  distinct  posterior  bristles  on  the  cepha- 
lothorax; tarsi  without  spines;  male  with  ventral  suckers;  abdomen 
usually  more  elongate  than  in  Tyroghjphus.  All  the  species  so  far 
known  are  predaceous  or  feed  on  recently  killed  animal  matter. 

Type. — M.  entoraophagus  Lab. 

The  genus  Ilistiogaster  is  based  on  H.  carpio  Kramer,  a  species  with 
spiny  tarsi,  a  peculiar  male  abdomen,  and  of  very  different  habits;  so 
that  I  retain  MoniezieUa  as  distinct  from  it. 

There  are  probabh^  from  five  to  ten  species  in  our  fauna.  I  have 
recognized  the  following  three  species: 

Table  of  the  Species. 

1.  Body  about  three  or  four  times  as  long  as  broad;  apparently  no  cephalic  nor 

humeral  bristles angusta 

Body  scarcely  twice  as  long  as  broad;  cephalic  and  humeral  bristles  distinct. .       2 

2.  Tarsi  barely  longer  than  preceding  joint brevitarsis 

Tarsi  nearly  twice  as  long  as  preceding  joint longipes 

Monieziella  angusta  n.  sp.     (PI.  II,  tig.  15.) 

Body  three  to  four  times  as  long  as  broad:  apparently  without  any 
cephalic  or  humeral  bristles,  and  only  four  short  ones  near  the  tip  of 
abdomen.  Legs  very  short:  tarsi  not  longer  than  the  penultimate 
joint;  the  bristle  from  this  joint  longer  than  tarsi,  especially  in  the 
anterior  legs,  where  it  is  very  prominent. 

Length,  0.80  to  0.35  mm. 

Specimens  taken  from  under  scale  insects  {Aspidiotus)  at  Haywood, 
Cal.,  and  stated  to  be  feeding  on  the  coccids  and  their  eggs. 

This  is  probably  what  Doctor  Riley  tigures  in  the  Fifth  Missouri 
Report  as  Tyroglyphus  mains;  however,  his  figure  shows  some  bristles 
on  the  head  which  I  can  not  see  in  the  specimens  before  me.  iMichael 
has  identified  Riley's  species  with  the  European  J/.  {Ilistiogaster) 
entomophagiis;  but  MichaeFs  figures  show  a  form  very  different; 
more  elongate  and  with  shorter  bristles.  The  TyrogJyphns  vialus  of 
Lignieres  is  probably  a  2L)nieziella^  but  a  different  species,  perhaps 
M.  entornophagus^  as  asserted  by  Michael. 

Monieziella  longipes  ii.  sp.      (PL  II,  fig.  13.) 

Cephalothorax  with  a  pair  of  frontal  bristles,  and  a  pair  of  very 
long  posterior  bristles;  a  long,  fine  humeral  bristle  each  side;  two 
shorter  bristles  on  the  margin,  and  four  rather  long  bristles  near  tip 
of  body,  ther inner  pair  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen.  Legs  rather 
slender,  and  the  tarsi  nearly  as   long   as  the  preceding  two  joints 


'24  A    REVISION    OF    THE    TYROGLYPHID^. 

together,  and  in  the  hind  pair  still  longer;  the  hair  at  tip  of  the  penul- 
timate joint  is  longer  than  the  tarsus  in  all  except  the  hind  legs. 

Length,  0/33  mm. 

Specimens  from  among  Mytilasj^U  scales  at  Crescent  City,  Fla. 
(Hubbard). 

Monieziella  brevitarsis  n.  sp.     (PL  II,  lig.  18.) 

Cephalothorax  with  a  pair  of  short  frontal  bristles  and  a  pair  of 
longer  posterior  bristles;  a  humeral  bristle  each  side  rather  more  than 
one- half  the  width  of  bod}',  and  three  bristles  each  side  on  posterior 
margin  toward  tip,  the  outer  one  very  short,  the  next  longer,  and  the 
inner  pair  about  one-third  the  length  of  the  abdomen.  Bod}^  scarcel}^ 
twice  as  long  as  broad;  mandibles  (PI.  II,  tig.  19)  large  and  prominent. 
Legs  short,  with  only  a  few  short  bristles,  but  that  at  tip  of  the  penul- 
timate joint  is  rather  longer  than  the  tarsus;  the  latter  joint  is  onl\'  a 
trifle  longer  than  the  preceding  joint,  l)ut  much  more  slender;  the 
sense  hair  on  tarsi  T  and  II  is  much  curv^ed.  (Male  venter,  PL  II, 
fig.  19.) 

Length,  0.35  mm. 

What  is  evidentl}^  th(*  Ilypopus  of  this  form  has  a  projection  on  the 
anterior  part  of  the  cephalothorax,  with  a  black  eye-spot  each  side; 
the  legs  I  and  II  are  thick  and  heavy;  leg  III  ends  in  a  claw,  as  do 
I  and  II;  but  leg  IV  terminates  in  two  long  bristles,  the  outer  one 
much  the  longer,  ])ut  both  longer  than  the  leg,  and  there  is  also  a 
short  bristle  near  tip  of  the  legs.  The  ventral  sucking  plate  lias  six 
suckers — two  in  front,  smaller  than  others,  and  four  in  a  curv(Ml  i-ow 
behind. 

Specimens  have  been  taken  from  Ch'docoruH  at  Southern  Pines,  N.  C, 
and  Marshallville.  (ni.,  and  it  evidently  feeds  on  the  San  Jose  scale. 

Genus  CARPOGLYPHUS  Robin. 

No  suture  between  cephalothorax  and  al)domen;  mandibles  chelate; 
tarsi  with  distinct  claws;  cuticle  without  graiudations;  ventral  aper- 
tures small;  the  epimera  of  the  first  two  pairs  of  legs  joined  to  each 
other  and  to  the  sternum,  thus  forming  a  sort  of  skeleton;  tarsal  claw^ 
arising  from  a  clavate  onvchium;  the  l)ristle  on  poimltimate  joint  of 
legs  arises  from  near  middle,  not  at  tip  of  joint.  The  legs  are  rather 
slender,  not  thickened  in  the  male;  the  male  has  no  anal  suckers.  On 
the  anterior  margin  of  cephalothorax  near  base  of  mandibles  there  is 
each  side  a  rounded  eye-like  spot  or  projection,  very  doubtfuU}^  an 
eye.     No  llypopus  is  known. 

Type. —  C.  paHHidaruni  Robin. 

There  are  doubtless  several  species;  I  have  described  one  from 
Java;   C.  anonymus  of  Berlese  and  Michael  has  very  short  bristles  on 


TRICHOTAESUS    XYLOCOP^    BONN.  25 

cephalothorax,  and  Michael  shows  them  spine-like,  so  that  their 
figures  probabh'  represent  a  species  different  from  that  of  Canestrini. 
and  which  I  find  in  the  United  States.  The  species  of  this  genus  feed 
on  a  great  variety  of  substances,  perhaps  favoring  dried  fruits. 

Carpoglyphus  passularum  Hering.     (PI.  V,  lig.  40.) 

Cephalothorax  with  a  pair  of  short  frontal  bristles,  apparently  a 
little  back  from  the  front  margin;  four  posterior  bristles  in  a  curved, 
transverse  row,  none  very  long;  a  humeral  bristle  each  side,  with  a 
short  one  near  by;  two  submedian  pairs  of  short  bristles  on  the  dorsum; 
two  short  ones  on  each  posterior  side  margin;  a  short  pair  near  tip 
above,  and  three  each  side  at  tip,  one  pair  very  short,  the  others  more 
than  one-half  length  of  ])ody.  Legs  moderately  long,  tarsi  long  and 
tapering;  the  sense  hair  on  tarsi  1  and  II  tapers  to  tip;  the  bristle 
above  on  penultimate  joint  is  situated  near  the  middle  and  not  at  tip, 
and  is  ver}^  large  and  prominent,  and  longer  than  the  tarsus  in  all 
except  the  hind  pair  of  legs.  There  are  a  number  of  hairs  on  legs, 
but  no  spines;  the  hair  near  apex  of  tarsus  is  long  and  rather  farther 
from  the  tip  than  usual  in  tyroglyphids. 

Length.  0.40  to  0.50  mm. 

Specimens  have  been  seen  from  Fresno,  Cal.,  on  figs;  from  St. 
Anthony  Park,  Minn.,  on  dried  tigs  and  apples;  from  Albany,  X.  Y., 
on  smoked  ham.  and  on  pollen  of  honey  bees  from  Ohio. 

Genus   TRICHOTARSUS  Canestrini. 

No  suture  between  cephalothorax  and  abdomen;  mandibles  chelate; 
legs  ending  in  distinct  claws;  male  without  suckers  on  hind  tarsus;  no 
clavate  or  thickened  hair  on  tarsi  I  and  II;  palpi  not  enlarged  at  tip; 
cuticle  not  granulate;  male  without  anal  suckers;  vulva  of  female 
situated  close  to  beak,  between  coxie  I;  hypopial  nymphs  found  upon 
bees,  adults  in  nests  of  bees. 

Type, — T.  osini;^  Dufour. 

The  adult  form  is  but  little  known;  I  have  seen  none  from  this 
countr}";  the  h3'popial  nymphs  are  more  common,  and  two  forms 
have  been  found  in  the  United  States.  These  agree  well  with  the 
European  species,  but  as  the  adults  are  not  known,  their  identification 
is  rather  uncertain.  They  are  of  no  economic  value,  and  therefore  I 
shall  simply  list  the  two  species  as  the  European  forms  until  such 
time  as  mature  specimens  make  possible  a  more  exact  identification 
and  satisfactory  description. 

Trichotarsus  xylocopae  Donn. 

Prof.  H.  Osborn  has  recorded  this  European  species  as  taken  from 
a  California  Xylocopa^  and  sent  to  him  by  Mr.  D.  W.  Coquillett.  I 
have  not  seen  it,  and  possibly  some  other  species  was  concerned. 


26  A    KEVISION    OF    THE    TYROGLYPHID^. 

Trichotarsus  osmise  Duf. 

I  have  taken  specimens  of  a  species  of  Trichotarsus^  which  agree 
with  the  European  form,  from  a  species  of  (hmia  at  Sea  Clifi',  N.  Y.; 
however,  the  adult  females  may  present  some  differences.  This 
species  differs  from  T.  .rylocop^  in  having  two  claws  at  the  tips  of 
tarsi  I,  II,  and  III. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

Banks,  N. — New  genera  and  species  of  Acarians.     <Can.  Entom., 
1902,  pp.  171-176. 
Records  Trichotarsus  osuiIh'  and  T.  xi/locop;v  from  the  United  States. 

Dearness,  J. — A  parasite  of  the  San  Jose  scale.     <31st  Ann.  Rept. 
Entom.  Soc.  Ontario,  1901,  pp.  87-88. 
Form  not  named,  probably  a  Monieziella. 

Felt,  E.  P.— Eleventh  Report  Inj.  Insects  of  New  York,  1896,  pp. 
254-256. 
Describes  Tyroglyphus  heteromorphus. 

Haller,  G.^ — Beschreibung  einiger  neuen  Milben.     <Arch.  f.  Natur- 
gesch..  Vol.  L,  Bd.  1,  pp.  218-219,  1884. 
Describes  Tyrof/lypJtus  crassipes  and  T.  nirtus  from  "Amerika." 

HowAHi),  L.  O. — The  cheese,   ham.  and  ilour  mitos.      <Bul.   4,  new 
series,  Div.  Ent.,  U.   S.   Dept.  Agric,   1896,  pp.  100-102,  2  figs. 
Treats  of  Tyroylyphiii^  siro  and  7\  lonyior. 

LiNTXER,  J.  A.  —A  mite  infesting  smoked  meats.      <Third  Rept.  Inj. 
Insects  N.  Y.,  pp.  130-131,  1S88. 
Supposed  to  l)e  Tyroglyphus  siro. 

LiXTNER,  J.  A. — The  cheese  mite  infesting  smoked  meats.     <Fifth 
Rept.  Inj.  Insects  N.  Y.,  pp.  291-293,  1  fig.,  1889. 

Regarded  as  Tyroglyphus  siro. 

LiNTNER,  J.  A. — The  cheese  mite  infesting  Hour.     <Fifth  Rept.  Inj. 
Insects  N.  Y.,  pp.  294-295,  1889. 

Notes  on  Tyroglyphus  siro. 
LixTNER,  J.  A.— Tenth  Rept.  Inj.  Insects  N.  Y.,  1895,  p.  452. 

Notes  on  Tyroglyphus  lintneri. 

OsBORX,  H. — A  new  mite  infesting  mushrooms,  Tyroglypliiis  lintneri. 
<Science,  Vol.  XXII,  p.  360,  1893. 

OsBORN,  H. — Trichodactylus  xylocopae  in  California.     <Amer.  Nat., 
Vol.  XXVII,  pp.  1021-1022,  1893. 

OsBORX,  H.,  and   F.  A.  Sirrixe.— Cheese   mites.     <Bul.  23,  Iowa 
Agric.  Exp.  Sta.,  pp.  894-895,  1894. 
Considered  as  Tyroglyphus  siro. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY.  27 

Riley,  C.  V. — Fifth  Kept.  Nox.  Beneficial  Insects  of  Missouri,  1873, 
p.  82. 
Description  of  a  form  near  Acarus  mains  of  Shimer,  according  to  his  opinion. 

Riley,  C.  V. — Sixth  Rept.  Nox.  Benelicial  Insects  of  Missouri,  1874, 
pp.  52-55. 

Describes  Tyroglyphus  phylloxenv. 

Riley,  C.  V.,  and  L.  O.  Howard. — Mites  infesting  an  old  grain  ele- 
vator.    <Insect  Life,  Vol.  I,  p.  51,  1888. 

Identified  as  Tyroglyphus  longior. 

Riley,  C.  V.,  and  L.  O.  Howard. — Mites  in  flaxseed.     <lnsect  Life, 
Vol.  I,  p.  285,  1889. 
Identified  as  Tyroglyphus  siro,  but  probably  2\  farimv. 

Riley,  C.  V.,  and  L.  O.  Howard. — Mites  in  a  warm  house.     <Insect 
Life,  Vol.  Ill,  pp.  162-168,  1890. 
Questionably  named  Tyroglyphus  siro. 

Riley,  C.   V.,  and  L.   O.   Howard. — Cheese  mites.     <Insect  Life, 
Vol.  Ill,  p.  165,  1890. 
Considered  as  Tyroglyphus  siro. 

Saunders,  W. — On  two  mites.     <Can.  Entom.,  1880,  pp.  237-239. 

Treats  of  Tyroglyphus  siro. 

Shimer,  H. — Trans.  Amer.  Entom.  Soc.,Vol.  I  (1867-8).  pp.  368-369. 
Describes\^c«r?(s  imdus  which  has  been  wrongly  considered  as  a  tyroglyphid. 

Washburn,  F.  L. — A  troublesome  mite.  <Rept.  Entom.  Minn.  f. 
1903  (1904),  pp.  157-159,  1  fig. 

Notes  on  Carpoglyphus  passulariun. 

Webster,  F.  M. — The  common  cheese  mite,  Tyroglyphus  siro,  living 
in  Sporotrichu7n  glohuliferiim.  <32nd  Ann.  Rept.  Entom.  Soc. 
Ontario,  pp.  73-74,  1902. 

Wilson, .  — A  mite  infesting  a  pork-packing  house.     <Amer. 

Nat.,  1882,  p.  599. 
Considered  as  Tyroglyphus  longior. 

Woods,  A.  F. — Bermuda  lily  disease;  a  preliminary  report  of  inves- 
tigation.    <Bureau  Plant  Industry,  Dept.  Agric,  Washington, 

1897. 
Rhizoglyphus  hyadnihi  as  an  agent  in  distribution  of  disease. 


N  D  E  X 


Page. 
27 


Acarus  mains,  bibliographic  reference 

description  of  form  supposedly  allied 27 

■prohsibly  =^He7msarcoptes  coccisugus,  not  a  tyroglyphid 7 

ribis,  possibly  a  tyroglyphid 7 

Tyroglyphus  not  a  synonym 13 

agilis.     ( See  Rhizoglyphus  agilis. ) 

Aleurohius,  based  on  secondary  sexual  character 14 

=  Tijroglyplws 13, 14 

farinas=  Tijrogiyplms  farimv *9 

americanum.     (See  Ilistiostoma  americamun.) 
americanus.     (See  Tyroglyphus  cunerlcanus.) 
angusta.     (See  Monieziella  angusia.) 

anonymus.      (See  Carpoglyphus  anoni/mas,  Phycohius  anonymm,  and   Trkho<1ac- 
tylus  anonymus. ) 

Ants,  Tyroglyphidje  in  nests 5 

Apple  trees,  infestation  of  roots  by  BItizoglyphus  rhizophagux 22 

Apples,  infestation  by  Carpoglyphus  passularum 25 

armlpes.      (See  Tyroglyplius  arinlpa^.) 

Asparagus  roots,  decaying,  infestation  by  Tyroglyphus  hetcromorphus 18 

Aspidiotus.  food  of  Monieziella  angusta 23 

Bacteria,  following  work  of  Bhizoglyphun  hyacinih  1 5 

Barn,  infestation  by  Tyroglyphus  longior 15 

Bees,  hosts  of  Trichotarsus 25-26 

pollen,  food  of  CarpoglypJius passularum 25 

Beets,  sugar,  infestation  by  Rhizoglyphus  tarsalls 20 

Boll  weevil,  infestation  of  dead  larva?  by  Tyroglyphus  breviceps 17 

breviceps.     (See  Tyroglyphus  breviceps.) 
brecipes.     (See  Histiostoma  brevipes.) 
brevitarsis.     {^qq  Monieziella  brevitarsis.) 
' '  Bulb  mite. ' '     ( See  Rhizoglyphus  hyacinthi. ) 

Bulbs,  food  of  Tyroglyphid?e 5 

Caladiurn  esculeniujn,  infestation  of  rotten  bulbs  by  Rhizoglyphus  longifarsis  ...  22 

Carnations,  injury  to  roots  by  Tyrogli/pJms  lieteromorphus 8, 18 

stems  by  Rhizoglyphus 5 

carpio.     (See  Histiogaster  carpio.) 

Carpoglyphus  anonymus,  description  of  genus 24 

species 25 

passularum,  bibliographic  reference 27 

description  and  food  habits 25 

type  species 24 

Cereal  foods,  food  of  Tyroglyphidae 5 

29 


30  INDEX. 

Cheese,  food  of  Tyrogly phidae 5,  26,  27 

Limburger,  infestation  by  Tyrogli/phus  terminalis 18 

mites 5,  2(),  27 

Cheyletus,  attending  Tyroglyphus  longior 15 

Chilocoriis,  association  of  Moniezlella  brevitarsis 24 

Clover,  infestation  of  roots  by  Bhizoglyphus  elongatus 22 

Coccids.     (See  Aspidiotus,  Mytilospis,  and  Scale-insects.) 
cocciphilus.     (See  Tyroglyphus  cocciphilus.) 

Corn  pyralid,  infestation  of  dead  larvse  by  Tyroglyphus  artnipes 19 

Corpse,  human,  food  of  Tyroglyphidae 5 

Cotton  seed,  infestation  by  Tyroglyphus  americanus 16 

Cottonwood,  Rldzoglyplius  rhizophagu^  under  stump 22 

Cowpeas,  infestation  of  roots  by  Rh  izoglyphus  phylloxera  20 

crassipes.     (See  Tyroglyphus  crassipes.) 
curtus.     (See  Tyroglyphus  curtus. ) 

Cyllene  robiniR',  dead  and  diseased  larvae  infested  by  Ilistios/onid  brcripcy 11 

domesticus.     (See  Glyciphagus  domestlrus.) 

Drugs,  food  of  Tyroglyphida> 5 

echinop us.     ( See  Rh  izoglyph us  ech inopus. ) 
elongatus.     {i^ee  Rhizoglyphus  elongatus.) 
entomophagui<.     (See  Moniezlella  entomophagus.) 
' '  Eucharis  mite. ' '     ( See  Rh  izoglyphus  hyacinth  i. ) 
farimv.     (See  Tyroglyphus  farinvr.) 

Feathers,  food  of  Tyrogly phid<T 5 

Figs,  food  of  Carpoglyphus  passularum 25 

Flaxseed,  infestation  by  Tyroglyphus  americanus 16 

Flour,  food  of  Tyroglyphida' 5,  26 

Fruits,  dried,  food  of  Carpoglyplius 25 

Tyroglyphid;e 5 

Fungi,  following  work  of  Rltizoglyplnis  Jiyacinthi 5 

Gatnasus,  attending  Tyroglyphus  longior 15 

Glyciphagus,  decription  of  genus 12 

descriptions  of  species 12-18 

domesticus  the  type  species 12 

obesus  n.  sp.,  description 12 

partially  develoi)ed  hypopial  stage 7 

robustus  n.  sp.,  description  and  food  habits 13 

gracilipes.     (See  Ilistiostoma  gradlipes.) 

Grafting  wax,  eaten  thru  by  Rhizoglyphus 5 

Grain,  infestation  by  Tyroglyphus  longior 15,  27 

Grains  in  mills,  food  of  Tyroglyphidae 5 

Granaries,  infestation  by  Tyroglyphus  farinte 14 

"Grocer's  itch,"  caused  by  mites  of  genus  Glyciphagus 12 

Tyroglyphidfe 5 

Hair  in  furniture,  food  of  Tyroglyphidae 5 

Ham,  smoked,  food  of  Carpoglyphus  passularurn 25 

Hams,  food  of  Tyroglyphidse 5,  26 

Hay,  food  of  Tyroglyphidae 5 

Hemisarcoptes  coccisugns,  Acarus  malus  probably  a  synonym 7 

heteromorphus.     (See  Tyroglyphus  heteromorphus.) 

Histiogaster,  carpio  the  type  species 23 

entomophagus.     (See  Monieziella  entomophagus.) 

americanum  n.  sp.,  description  and  food  habits 11-12 


INDEX.  31 

Page. 

Hl^-t'iostoma  brevipes  n.  sp. ,  description  and  food  habits „ 11 

description  of  genus 10 

descriptions  of  species 1 0-12 

gracilipes  n.  sp. ,  description ]  0-11 

pectinenm=rostroserratus 10 

pyriforme,  comparison  with  Hlstiostoma  brevipes 11 

rostroserratus  the  type  species 10 

table  of  species 10 

hyacinthi.     (See  Rhlzoglyphus  hyacinthi) 

House,  infestation  by  Tyroglyphus  longior 15 

Hypopial  stages 10 

Hypopus  stage,  of  Tyroglyphidse 0-7 

Insects,  in  collections,  food  of  Tyroglyphid?e 5 

Tyroglyphidie  attached  to  certain  species 5 

krameri.     (See  TyrogJyjjlms  krameri.) 

Lecanium,  association  of  Tyroglyphus  cocciphilus 17 

Lilies,  Bermuda,  infestation  of  bulbs  by  Rhlzoglyphus  hyacinthi 5,  21 

Hnineri.     (See  TyroglypJius  lintneri.) 

longior.     (See  Tyroglyphus  longior.) 

longipes.     (See  Monieziella  longipes.) 

longitarsis.      {See  Bhizoglypjhus  longitarsis.) 

malus.     (See  Acarus  mains  and  Tyroglyphus  malus.) 

Mattresses,  infested  by  Tyroglyphidae 5 

Mealy  bug,  association  of  Tyroglyphus  cocciphiluH 17 

Meats,  dried,  food  of  Tyroglyphid^e 5 

smoked,  food  of  Tyroglyphid^e 26 

Mice,  Tyroglyphidtc  in  nests 5 

megnini.      (See  Rhlzoglyphus  megnini.) 

Mills,  infestation  by  Tyroglyphus  farince 14 

Monieziella  angusta  n.  sp. ,  description  and  food  habits 28 

brecitarsis  n.  sp. ,  description  and  habits 24 

description  of  genun 23 

descriptions  of  species 23-24 

enemies  of  scale-insects 5 

eniomophagus  the  type  species 23 

longipes  n.  sp. ,  description  and  habits 23-24 

on  San  Jose  scale,  bibliographic  reference 26 

Moles,  Tyroglyphid^e  in  nests 5 

Mushrooms,  food  of  Tyroglyphidee 5 

Tyroglyphus  lintneri 7, 15,  26 

mycophagus.      (See  Tyroglyphus  mycophagus. ) 

Mytilaspis,  food  of  Monieziella  longipes 24 

obesus.     (See  Glyciphagus  obesus.)    . 

Onions,  infestation  by  Rhizoglyphus  rhizophagus 22 

Orange,  decaying,  infestation  by  Tyroglyphus  americanus 16 

Orchids,  infestation  by  Rhizoglyphus  hyacinthi 21 

Osmia,  host  of  Trichotarsus  osmix 26 

osmise.     (See  Trichotarsus  osmix.) 
passularum.     (See  Carpoglyphus  passularum . ) 
pectineurn.     (See  Histiostoma  pectineum. ) 

Phycobius  anonymus,  identity 9 

Phylloxera,  of  grape,  Tyroglyphus  phylloxene  erroneously  considered  enemy  ..  7 


32  INDEX. 

Page. 
phylloxerx.     (See  RMzoglyphus  phylloxerx. ) 

Pillows,  infested  by  Tyroglyphidse 5 

Pine  cones,  infestation  by  RMzoglyphus  phylloxerx 20 

Plums,  rotten,  infestation  by  Tyroglyphus  americanus 16 

Pollen  of  honey  bees,  food  of  Carpoglyphus passularum ...' 25 

Potato  plants,  young,  infestation  by  Rhizoglyphus  phylloxer:r 20 

Potatoes,  rotten  and  scabby,  infestation  by  Rhizoglyphus  phylloxenv 20 

pyriforme.     (See  IJistiostoina  pyriforme.) 

Rhizoglyphus  agilis,  possibly  a  synonym  of  Tyroglyphus  heteromorphus 18 

description  of  genus 19 

descriptions  of  species 20-22 

echinopus,  identity 21 

Rhizoglyplius phylloxerx  not  a  synonym •   20 

Robin,  synonym  of  hyacinthi 10 

elongatvs  n.  sp.,  description  and  food  habits 22 


hyacinthi,  bibliographic  reference. 


z/ 

Roisd.  =R.  ecJi  iiiojms  Megn 20 

descriiDtion  and  food  habits 21 

enemy  to  bulbs  and  roots 5 

the  type  species 10 

in  decaying  matter  with  Ilistiostoma  americanunt 12 

injury  to  roots  of  vine,  stems  of  carnation,  and  wax  on  grafts ...  5 

longitarsis  n.  sp. ,  description  and  food  habits 22 

megnini,  identity 21 

phylloxenv,  description  and  food  habits 20 

not  a  synonym  of  R.  echinopus 20 

rhizophagus  n.  sp.,  description  and  food  habit« 21-22 

table  of  species 19 

tarsalis  n.  sp. ,  description  and  food  habits 20 

rhizophaguii.     (See  Rhizoglyphus  rhizophagus. ) 
ribis.      (See  A^-arus  ribis. ) 

Rice,  infestation  by  Tyroglyphus  americanus 16 

robustus.     (See  Glyciphagus  robuslus.) 

Roots,  food  of  Tyroglyphidje 5 

rostroserratiis.     (See  Ilistiostoma  rostroserratux.) 

Sap,  food  of  Tyroglyphidse 5 

Scale-insects.     (See  also  Aspidiotus,  Coccids,  and  Mytilaspis.) 

food  of  Tyroglyphidte o 

Monieziella  enemies 5 

oyster-shell,  association  of  Tyroglyphus  cocciphilus 17 

San  Jose.     (See  also  Aspidiotus. ) 

food  of  Monieziella  brevitarsis 24 

parasite 26 

Seeds,  food  of  Tyroglyphidae 5 

infestation  by  Glyciphagus  robustus 13 

Tyroglyphus  farinx 1-4 

siro.     {See  Tyroglyphus  siro.) 

Sporotrichum  globuliferum,  food  of  Tyroglyphus  siro,  bibliographic  reference  ...  27 

Sugar  beets.     {See  Beets,  sugar.) 

food  of  Tyroglyphidte 5 

mites  (see  also  Glyciphagus)   5 

tarsalis.     (See  Rhizoglyphus  tarsalis.) 
terrninalis.     (See  Tyroglyphus  terminalis. ) 


INDEX.  33 

Pase. 

Trichodactylus  anonymus,  identity 9 

xylocopx.     (See  also  Trichotarsus  xylocopiv.) 

in  California,  bibliographic  reference 26 

Tricjiotarsus,  association  with  bees 25 

description  of  genus 25 

hypopial  stages 10 

osmise,  bibliographic  reference 26 

on  Osmia  from  New  York 26 

the  type  species 25 

records  of  species  in  United  States 25-26 

xyloco})^,  bibliographic  reference 26 

recorded  on  Xylocopa  from  California 25 

Tyroglyphidse,  bibliography 26-27 

economic  importance 5 

European  species  in  United  States S-9 

food  habits 5 

genera 9-26 

Hypopus  stage 6-7 

previous  work  on  species  in  United  States 7-8 

structural  characteristics 6 

table  of  genera 9-10 

transformations 6-7 

Tyroglyphus,  Aleurobius  a  synonym IS,  14 

americanus  n.  sp. ,  description  and  food  habits 16 

is  it  T.  siro? 9, 16 

references  in  literature  as  T.  siro  and  2\  longior.  16 

armipes  n.  sp. ,  description  and  food  habits 18-19' 

breviceps  n.  sp. ,  description  and  food  habits 17 

cocciphilus  n.  sp.,  description  and  habits 16-17 

crassipes,  bibliographic  reference 26 

uncertain  origin  and  identity 7 

curtus,  bibliographic  reference 26 

uncertain  origin  and  identity 7 

description  of  genus 13 

descriptions  of  species 1 4-19 

fariniv,  bibliographic  reference,  as  T.  siro 27 

description  and  habits 14 

heteromorphus,  bibliographic  reference 26 

description  and  food  habits 18 

injury  to  roots  of  carnations 8 

Rhizogbjplius  agilis  possibly  a  synonym 18 

krameri,  identity 8-9 

lintneri,  allied  to  Canestrini's  conception  of  Tyroglyphus  siro 7-8 

bibliographic  references 26 

description  and  food  habits 15 

infestation  of  mushrooms 7-8 

longior,  bibliographic  references 26-27 

description  and  habits 14-15 

identity 7-9,  16 

malus,  identity 23 

mycophagus,  comparison  of  Tyroglyphus  terminalis  with  Michael's 

figure 18 

identity 8-9 


34  INDEX. 

Page. 

Tyroglyphux,  not  a  synonym  of  Acarus 13 

phylloxenr,  bibliographic  reference 27 

=RhizogJyphus 7 

not  predaceous,  but  a  root  feeder 7 

siro,  bibliographic  references  under  this  name 26-27 

the  type  species 13 

uncertain  identity 7-9 

table  of  species 13-14 

terminnlis  n.  sp.,  description  and  food  habits 1 7-18 

Vine,  injury  to  roots  by  Ehizoglyphns 5 

Wheat,  infestation  by  Tyroglyphus  americamts 16 

Wine,  food  of  Tyroglyphid?e 5 

Xylocopa,  host  of  Ti^ichotarsus  xylocopir 25 

xylocopx.     (See  Trichodactylus  xylocopiv  and  Trichotarsus  xylocopx.) 

o 


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